The immobilized, low-spinal turtle produces 3 forms of the fictive scratch reflex in response to tactile stimulation of specific sites on its body surface (Robertson et al., 1985). We used complete transections of the spinal cord at different rostrocaudal levels to reveal the minimum length of spinal cord sufficient to produce each scratch form. Additional transections revealed the progressive ...

Action rules provide hints to a business user what actions (i.e., changes within some values of flexible attributes) should be taken to improve the profitability of customers. That is, taking some actions to re-classify some customers from less desired decision class to the more desired one. However, in previous work, each action rule was constructed from two rules, extracted earlier, defining ...

Construction of a functional Photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts depends on the action of auxiliary factors, which transiently interact with PSII intermediates during assembly. In addition to a common PSII structure and a conserved set of PSII assembly factors, cyanobacteria, and higher plants have evolved additional, clade-specific assembly factors. Most such factors in cya...

Ethereum represents new innovation in the fields of cryptocurrency which has become relatively stagnate, promising many things, including an entire programming language and development enviroment built into the network. However the current trend is to write implementations and proof of concepts before doing the rigor involved with proving security. Miller’s recent thesis is an attempt to remedy...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the articular manifestations of cat-scratch disease (CSD) and to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of those manifestations. METHODS A community- and hospital-based surveillance study of CSD was conducted in Israel between 1991 and 2002. CSD was defined as present in a patient when a compatible clinical syndrome and a positive confirmatory finding of Bartonella ...

Pushing by big data and deep convolutional neural network (CNN), the performance of face recognition is becoming comparable to human. Using private large scale training datasets, several groups achieve very high performance on LFW, i.e., 97% to 99%. While there are many open source implementations of CNN, none of large scale face dataset is publicly available. The current situation in the field...

There exists a large body of research devoted to creating real time interactive locomotion controllers which are targeted at some specific class of character, most often humanoid bipeds. Relatively little work, however, has been done on approaches which are applicable to creatures with a wide range of different forms – partially due to the lack of easily obtainable motion-capture data for anima...

Bartonella henselae was discovered a quarter of a century ago as the causative agent of cat scratch disease, a clinical entity described in the literature for more than half a century. As diagnostic techniques improve, our knowledge of the spectrum of clinical disease resulting from infection with Bartonella is expanding. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the microbiology, clin...

Have you ever been handed an EOB that looked . . . well . . . strange? Maybe it had some unfamiliar corporate name and logo you'd never seen before. Then, as you read down, did you end up scratching your head, wondering why your original charges had been discounted so heavily, and for a patient who didn't seem to be in any network you belonged to? If so, you may have been the unwitting victim o...

First described in 1931, cat scratch disease remains the most commonly identified clinical syndrome associated with Bartonella infection. Over the last 20 years, however, the discovery and use of modern diagnostic tests has greatly expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and treatment options for Bartonella infections of all types. Indeed, each varies substantially de...