The concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the marine boundary layer (MBL) was estimated from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) flux, sea salt (SS) emission, and aerosols entrained from the free troposphere (FT). Only under clean air conditions, did the nucleation of DMS derived sulfur (DMS CCN) contribute significantly to the MBL CCN. The accommodation coefficient for sulfuric acid mass tran...

[1] An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer was deployed at Mace Head (Ireland) during August 2002. The measurements provide qualitative chemical composition and size distribution (0.3–3 μm) information for single particles. Three broad categories of particles: sea salt, dust, and carbon-containing particles were identified and apportioned, and their temporal evolution (1 hour resolution) i...

The uptake of HNO3 to deliquescent airborne seasalt particles (RH = 55%, P = 760 torr, T = 300 K) at concentrations from 2 to 575 ppbv is measured in an aerosol flow tube using 13N as a tracer. Small particles (≈ 70 nm diameter) are used in order to minimize the effect of diffusion in the gas phase on the mass transfer. Below 100 ppbv, an uptake coefficient (γupt) of 0.50 ± 0.20 is derived. At ...

Objectives To evaluate new mouth rinse containing sea salt, xylitol, and lysozyme on biofilm formation and gingival health in a group of young adults. Methods The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 subjects each: control (A) and experimental group (B). The Turesky modification of Quigley-Hein plaque index was used to evaluate plaque scores while the presence or absence of gingival bl...

Soil water chemistry in forest soils over 20 years was studied at nine sites in southern Sweden. The aim was to investigate the recovery from acidification and the influence of strong sea salt episodes that occur in the region. All sites but one showed signs of recovery from acidification along with the reduced sulphur deposition, but the recovery progress was slow and the soil water was in mos...

Reproduction of external fertilizing vertebrates is typically constrained to either fresh or salt water, not both. For all studied amphibians and fishes, this constraint includes immotile sperm that are activated after ejaculation only by the specific chemistry of the fertilizing medium in which the species evolved (fresh, brackish, or salt water). No amphibians can reproduce in the sea. Althou...

Cascade impactor samples were collected a t coastal sites on Sal Island, Barbados, and Virginia Key, Miami during 1974 and a t two Miami coastal sites on Virginia Key and Key Biscayne during 1981. In all of the samples, the majority of t h e ni t rate mass was found on intermediate size particles and exhibited a mass median diameter (MMD) of about 4 pm. The ratio of t h e MMD of ni t rate t o t...

The reaction of the hydroxyl radical with chloride on the surface of sea salt aerosol producing gas phase Cl2 and particulate OH and its implications for the chemistry of the marine boundary layer under coastal, remote, and very remote conditions have been investigated with a numerical model. This reaction had been suggested by Laskin et al. (2003) to play a major role in the sulfur cycle in th...

Salinity is rising in many southern African and Australian rivers with unknown effects on aquatic organisms. The extent of spatial variation, at any scale, in salt tolerances is unknown and therefore whether data from one location should be used elsewhere. The acute tolerances (72-hour LC50) to sea salt of 49 macroinvertebrate taxa from the south-east of the Eastern Cape (SEEC), South Africa we...

Dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. However, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. Waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). Initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...