Comparative seawater RO pretreatment evaluation using benchand pilot-scale testing Desalination using seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology is an important option available to water-scarce coastal regions. Recent full-scale experiences have shown that pretreatment is the key for this application of RO technology. In this article, a unique series of benchand pilot-scale tests are presented....

The computation of the standard formulation of the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam for seawater requires the evaluation of some multidimensional polynomials to obtain the thermodynamical properties useful in industrial processes as desalination and in the massive simulation of the oceans. These polynomials are related to the Gibbs free energy function and its fir...

In many arid and semi-arid regions whether or not to desalinate seawater has long been a non-issue and policy debates are focused on the timing and extent of the desalination activities. We analyze how water scarcity and demand structure, on the one hand, and cost reduction via R&D programs, on the other hand, affect the desirable development of desalination technologies and the time profiles o...

Quaternary ammonium poly(2,6-dimethyl 1,4-phenylene oxide) (QAPPO) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with topographically patterned surfaces were assessed in a microbial desalination cell (MDC) system. The MDC results with these QAPPO AEMs were benchmarked against a commercially available AEM. The MDC with the non-patterned QAPPO AEM (Q1) displayed the best desalination rate (a reduction of salin...

Simultaneous optimisation of design and operating parameters of MSF desalination process is considered here using MINLP technique within gPROMS software. For a fixed fresh water demand throughout the year and with seasonal variation of seawater temperature, the external heat input (a measure of operating cost) to the process is minimised. It is observed that seasonal variation in seawater tempe...

[1] Many regions of the world are facing formidable freshwater scarcity. Although there is substantial scope for economizing on the consumption of water without affecting its service level, the main response to water scarcity has been to increase the supply. To a large extent, this is done by transporting water from places where it is abundant to places where it is scarce. At a smaller scale an...

Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition of glycol ether (GE)-water mixtures induces an abrupt change in osmotic pressure driven by a mild temperature change. The temperature-controlled osmotic change was applied for the forward osmosis (FO) desalination. Among three GEs evaluated, di(ethylene glycol) n-hexyl ether (DEH) was selected as a potential FO draw solute. A DEH-water...

Water scarcity is now one of the major global crises, which has affected many aspects of human health, industrial development and ecosystem stability. To overcome this issue, water desalination has been employed. It is a process to remove salt and other minerals from saline water, and it covers a variety of approaches from traditional distillation to the well-established reverse osmosis. Althou...

Seawater desalination is vital to our modern civilization. Here, we report that the carbon honeycomb (CHC) has an outstanding water permeability and salt rejection in seawater desalination, as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. More than 92% of ions are rejected CHC at applied pressures ranging from 50 250 MPa. a perfect below 150 Mpa. On increasing pressure up MPa, reduces only 92%. P...