The starting point for this paper is an asymmetry between overt linguistic indexicals and (alleged) covert indexicals. It has been proposed that the problem can be solved by making covert indexicals optional (Martí 2006) and that this provides a much better (linguistically respectable) account of the key phenomena than one that advocates an optional process of free (not linguistically mandated)...

With the rise of smart cities, relevant passenger data can be collected to improve quality transport services. In this article, a demand-responsive feeder service is presented. A transports passengers from low-demand area, like sub-urban transportation hub, city center. The modeled in article considers two sets bus stops: mandatory stops and optional stops. Mandatory are always visited by bus, ...

A Summary Service plans are a type of warranty contract under which retailers promise to repair or replace products for consumers. Separate from manufacturers' warranty policies, which typically come bundled with the products, and also known as service contracts, protection plans, or retailer extended warranties, retailers' service plans are optional and usually offer broader and more prolonged...

<p><em>Infographics are visual data that used in public service announcements to convey particular messages a group of people. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ministry Health (MOH) Kingdom Bahrain relied heavily on use infographics communicate different types information all its The study at hand aimed analyze Medical Announcement Infographics (MAIs) published by Bahraini MOH during p...

Acknowledgements At this point, I would like to thank Christian Kästner for advising this thesis. Thank you for the discussions about this topic and helpful suggestions. Special thanks for reading all the drafts of this thesis and the critical view, which helped to improve this thesis. I would like to thank my fellow student Christian Becker for the fantastic time during the study. Furthermore,...