recently, extracts from various parts of a. occidentale had been massively investigated in themanagement and treatment of various ailments which include but not limited to diabetes, malaria,yellow fever as well as diarrhea. stem bark of anacardium occidentale was extracted with water andethanol. antioxidant activities of the extracts were using dpph. for estimation of effectivediffusivity, math...

In this paper we use the method of upper and lower solutions to study multivalued Sturm{Liouville and periodic boundary value problems , with Caratheodory orientor eld. We prove two existence theorems. One when the orientor eld F (t; x; y) is convex{valued and the other when F (t; x; y) is nonconvex valued. Finally we show that the \convex" problem has extremal solutions in the order interval d...

We consider second-order linear time-invariant systems. The objective of this paper is to present a new method for constructing a reduced system by preserving the second-order structure of the original system. This new model reduction method uses a variant of the well-known balanced truncation technique applied to second-order gramians. We also compare it with another existing technique. © 2004...

An artificial Ant Colony System (ACS) algorithm to solve generalpurpose combinatorial Optimization Problems (COP) that extends previous AC models [21] by the inclusion of a negative pheromone, is here described. Several Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) were used as benchmark. We show that by using two different sets of pheromones, a second-order coevolved compromise between positive and negativ...

In a first-order reversed-phi motion stimulus (Anstis, 1970), the black-white contrast of successive frames is reversed, and the direction of apparent motion may, under some conditions, appear to be reversed. It is demonstrated here that, for many classes of stimuli, this reversal is a mathematical property of the stimuli themselves, and the real problem is in perceiving forward motion, which i...

Second-order cone programming (SOCP) problems are convex optimization problems in which a linear function is minimized over the intersection of an affine linear manifold with the Cartesian product of second-order (Lorentz) cones. Linear programs, convex quadratic programs and quadratically constrained convex quadratic programs can all be formulated as SOCP problems, as can many other problems t...

We investigate the extent of second order characterizable structures by extending Shelah’s Main Gap dichotomy to second order logic. For this end we consider a countable complete first order theory T . We show that all sufficiently large models of T have a characterization up to isomorphism in the extension of second order logic obtained by adding a little bit of infinitary logic if and only if...

Metaprogramming, in the sense used in this paper (rather than the programming template sense) is the use of a collection of programs which orchestrates other (possibly collections of) programs. One of the requirements of the metaprogramming code is that it must collectively develop a sense of what the situation is and what should be done as a result. Situation awareness is an example technique ...

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive study of second-order consistencies (i.e., consistencies identifying inconsistent pairs of values) for constraint satisfaction. We build a full picture of the relationships existing between four basic second-order consistencies, namely path consistency (PC), 3-consistency (3C), dual consistency (DC) and 2-singleton arc consistency (2SAC), as well as the...

We complete the classification of second order, bundle valued differential operator invariants of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian conformal structure, by classifying such operators which pass between bundles associated to different representations of the rotation or spin group.