STUDY DESIGN A comparison of cervical facet capsule strain fields in cadaveric motion segments exposed to whiplash-like loads and failure loads. OBJECTIVES To compare the maximum principal strain in the facet capsular ligament under combined shear, bending, and compressive loads with those required to injure the ligament. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The cervical facet capsular ligament is th...

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are widely used in communications due to their excellent practical performance. Error probability of LDPC code under iterative decoding on the binary erasure channel is determined by a class of combinatorial objects, called stopping sets. Stopping sets of small size are the reason for the decoder failures. Stopping redundancy is defined as the minimum numbe...

Two new iterative soft decision decoding methods for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are proposed. These methods are based on bit level belief propagation (BP) decoding. In order to make BP decoding effective for RS codes, we use an extended binary parity check matrix with a lower density and reduced number of 4-cycles compared to the original binary parity check matrix of the code. In the first propos...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the pathomechanical and biochemical basis for thumb trapeziometacarpal joint degeneration. 2. Diagnose and grade trapeziometacarpal joint disease based on presentation, physical examination (including provocative testing), and radiographic evidence. 3. Understand the principles of ligament reconstr...

This case report describes the intralesional application of autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) in seven horses as treatment of severe tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, or desmitis of the inferior check ligament. Follow-up data of the horses revealed a positive outcome in 10 to 13 months post injury. All horses treated with ACP were either performi...

line g11867 was first introduced in iran together with 206 other white, chitti and red beans lines through ciat, and was tested in different breeding experiments from 1992 to 1999. it was selected as a superior line in all experiments. in 2001 this line was evaluated with other six lines for drought tolerance, and it was found to be more tolerant than cv. daneshkadeh the check cultivar. line g1...

AIMS To investigate the histopathological features of the synovial lining of the knee following implantation of an artificial cruciate ligament. METHODS Eighty two patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for chronic, symptomatic instability of the knee. The cruciate ligament was reconstructed with a scaffold type prosthetic ligament. All patients underwent arthroscopy at ...