Healthy synovial tissue includes a lining layer of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. The influx of leucocytes during active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes monocytes that differentiate locally into proinflammatory macrophages, and these produce pathogenic tumour necrosis factor. During sustained remission, the synovial tissue macrophage numbers recede to normal. The constitutive presence...

Synovial cysts of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are very rare, and to date, only 12 cases of a synovial cyst in the TMJ region have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we present the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of one such lesion affecting a 48-year-old woman, presented with a mass in the left preauricular region. We describe the usefulness of imm...

Design: Clinical case report. Objective: To present custom-made total joint replacement as a suitable option after resection of extensive odontogenic tumors. Background: Ameloblastoma is the most common tumor. presentation characteristic it presents with slow growth rate, but highly expansive and recurrent. Ample safety margins imperative to allow for functional predictable reconstruction. Meth...

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita is a condition characterized by multiple contractures of the joints. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint is a common complication that limits mandibular opening. A case of Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita with anterior open bite and limited maximal incisal opening is presented. Orthognathic surgery, consisting of segmental LeFort I osteotomy and bilat...

A 78 year old female developed polyneuropathy, weight loss, malaise, and joint pain. Necrotizing vasculitis was diagnosed at hysterectomy, and later renal biopsy demonstrated focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis. The pathological findings together with the presence of pANCA was consistent with a diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This is the first clinical description of MPA...

Synovial fluid is not a static pool, but is continually being absorbed and replenished by the synovial lining of the joint cavity (synovium, synovial intima), which is approximately 20 ,m thick (rabbit knee) to approximately 60 pm thick (human knee). The three key elements for fluid turnover are the synovial capillary, synovial interstitium, and the lymphatic drainage system. Synovial capillari...

Synovial fluid is not a static pool, but is continually being absorbed and replenished by the synovial lining of the joint cavity (synovium, synovial intima), which is approximately 20 ,m thick (rabbit knee) to approximately 60 pm thick (human knee). The three key elements for fluid turnover are the synovial capillary, synovial interstitium, and the lymphatic drainage system. Synovial capillari...