Nuclear pore complexes are composed of ∼30 different proteins, each present at the pore in multiple copies. Together these proteins create specialized channels that convey cargo between the cytoplasm and the nuclear interior. With the building blocks of nuclear pores identified, one challenge is to decipher how these proteins are coordinately produced and assembled into macromolecular pore stru...

The early stages of quinoa germination are sensitive to drought stress. For this purpose, a study entitled the effect selenium in different concentrations on characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes under stress conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) was investigated. first experimental factor seed priming (from two sources: sodium selenate nanoparticles: SeNPs ? 33.4 nm) at 0.5, 1....

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Enterococcus spp. have an advantage over several because of their ability to easily adapt extreme conditions which include high temperatures, highly acidic or alkaline and toxic metals. Although many microorganisms been shown reduce selenite (SeO32?) elemental selenium (Se0), not much work has done on the combined effect In this study, aerobic batch reduction ...

The bioconversion of selenium in the form sodium selenite (Na2 SeO3 ) (SeIV) or selenate SeO4 (SeVI) to organic by Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) was investigated vitro. MRS media supplemented with 1, 2, 5, 10 20 ppm Se, inoculated 2% starter culture about 105 cfu/ ml L. and then incubated up 24 hrs at 37o C. Increasing “Se(IV)” concentrations markedly reduced bacterial growth compared “Se(VI)”...

In eukaryotic cells, various extracellular stimuli generate intracellular signals that converge on a limited number of conserved protein kinase cascades, commonly referred to as mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Each MAPK is activated through a cascade of three successively activating protein kinases: MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK), MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK. In mammalian cells,...

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins are conjugated to numerous polypeptides in cells, and attachment of SUMO plays important roles in regulating the activity, stability, and subcellular localization of modified proteins. SUMO modification of proteins is a dynamic and reversible process. A family of SUMO-specific proteases catalyzes the deconjugation of SUMO-modified proteins. Membe...

The aim of this research was to investigate synergistic effect combination two related antioxidant agents by novel synthesis selenium nanoparticles functionalized with D-α- Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a capping agent during chemical reduction sodium selenite ascorbic acid. Particle size, morphology, crystallite size synthesized Se-TPGS were characterized dynamic ligh...

Cylindromatosis gene, CYLD is a tumor suppressor gene that was originally identified as a gene mutated in familial cylindromatosis and related diseases [1]. CYLD belongs to the deubiquitination enzymes family, which function by removing of ubiquitin chains from different proteins. The ubiquitin-specific protease domain of CYLD is located at the C-terminus and mutations in this region inactivate...

The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a ubiquitin-like (UBL) protein that can be conjugated to hundreds of different proteins. Such ‘sumoylation’—which is highly dynamic— alters the stability, localization or functional properties of the modified substrate, most often by altering its interactions with other proteins [1,2]. Enzymes known to remove SUMO from substrates, the SUMO protease...

STUbLs recognize the composition of SUMO chains as demonstrated by preference RNF4 for homogeneous SUMO-2 while RNF111 has a SUMO-1-capped chains.Depletion polySUMO protease SENP6 leads to broad range cellular defects including reduced accumulation at centromere most members constitutive centromere-associated network, improper spindle assembly, and micronuclei, thereby impairing proper cell cyc...