A cohesive zone model is proposed and analyzed for steady-state peeling of a thin rate-independent, elastic-plastic film bonded to an elastic substrate. A traction-separation description of the interface is embedded within continuum characterizations of the film and substrate. The primary parameters characterizing the tractionseparation relation are the work of adhesion and the peak separation ...

In this study, two capillary electrophoresis modes, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), were employed for the examination of gel ink fingerprints. The optimized CZE conditions were as follows: running buffer, 0.2M boric acid and 0.05M sodium tetraborate; pH, 6.47; detection, 214 nm; separation voltage, 20 kV MEKC conditions were as follows: 20...

Two separation modes of capillary electrophoresis (CE): capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) were used for toxicological analysis of blood samples and pharmaceutical preparations. These two techniques were tested on commonly used phenothiazines (PHE) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), which are drugs of forensic interest. The analyti...

We demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) separation microchip allowing capillary isoelectric focusing-capillary zone electrophoresis (cIEF-CZE) to be coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). In the first dimension, separation is according to pI values (cIEF), while CZE occurs in the second dimension during mobilization towards the monolithically integrated ESI emitter. The se...

Crack growth along an interface joining an elastic-plastic solid to a solid that does not yield plastically is studied numerically, accounting for mixed mode loading under conditions of small scale yielding. The fracture process is represented in terms of a cohesive zone model, for which the work of separation per unit area and the peak stress required for separation are basic parameters; but w...

The observational approach is based on direct path measurements of seabed reflection. The key advantages of this approach are: high resolution (0.1 m vertically, 1-10 m laterally); relatively modest uncertainties (due to short path lengths) from the space/time varying oceanography and biology; and that low source levels are possible. The main challenge is that water depth, 20 m, is 4 times smal...

Independent control of electroosmosis is important for separation science techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis and for the movement of fluids on microdevices. A capillary electrophoresis microdevice is demonstrated which provides more efficient control of electroosmosis with an applied external voltage field. The device is fabricated in a glass substrate where a 5.0 cm separation c...

Phase separation in the cytoplasm is emerging as a major principle in intracellular organization. In this process, sets of macromolecules assemble themselves into liquid compartments that are distinct from the surrounding medium but are not delimited by membrane boundaries. Here, we discuss how phase separation, in which a component of one of the two phases is vesicles rather than macromolecule...

This paper describes a novel approach in simulating laminar to turbulent transition by using two-equation models. The Total Stresses Limitation(TSL) concept is used to make the two-equation model capable of predicting high Reynolds number transitional ow. To consider the transition triggered by laminar separation at low Reynolds number location, which commonly occurs in high speed ow, a sensor ...

Now days handwritten recognition systems increasingly used for automatic document scanning and analysis purpose. Hence from last two decades this becomes challenging area for researchers. Using semi-automated or automated methods the machine printed documents and scanned documents are recognized which is called as handwritten recognition. Number of methods has been proposed so far for different...