This paper presents a new way of computing inductive invariants in sequential designs. The invariants are useful for strengthening inductive proofs in difficult unbounded model checking instances. Candidate invariants are derived from a set of m-feasible cuts in the logic network and proved by induction. Thus, the proposed computation is very scalable, and it is possible to flexibly trade compu...

computable general equilibrium models are known as a powerful instrument in economic analyses and widely have been used in order to evaluate trade liberalization effects. the purpose of this study was to provide the impacts of trade openness on pharmaceutical industry using cge model.using a computable general equilibrium model in this study, the effects of decrease in tariffs as a symbol of tr...

the relationship between trade liberalisation and the environment has been the subject of a growing body of literature in recent years. as can be seen from the differing assessment of instrument types for environmental protection, one of the important factors for the relationship between environmental protection and economic competitiveness are regulatory stringency and efficiency. this concern...

In practice, the supplier often offers the retailers a trade credit period M and the retailer in turn provides a trade credit period N to her/his customer to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. From the retailer’s perspective, granting trade credit not only increases sales and revenue but also increases opportunity cost (i.e., the capital opportunity loss during credit period) and defau...

We synthesize the financial crisis contagion literature through the gravity model from physics and test the hypothesis that the severity of contagion relates positively to trade and financial linkages but negatively to psychic distance between countries, when macroeconomic fundamentals and institutional factors are controlled. The psychic distance variable, a behavioral predictor constructed al...

Does Japanese trade in manufactured goods differ from the rest-of-the world average and from the U.S.? We use a simple industry-level gravity model and 1981-1998 data to answer this question. We construct a measure of normalized imports by dividing bilateral industry-level imports by the importer's aggregate absorption and the exporter's industry output. We find that Japan imports less than oth...

This paper utilizes an enhanced gravity model to estimate the effect of lagged immigration waves on Canadian imports and exports, by province. Empirically, this model was tested using Canadian data on import and export flows to the top 40 countries of origin for immigrants to Canada based upon the composition of the most recent wave of immigrants. The results are consistent with previous studie...

Super Mario Galaxy has been almost universally lauded as an enchanting, almost magical game, but what meaning is there to be found within the text? What does the entire experience actually represent and communicate to the player on the whole? With many now wondering what more could possibly be done to advance the classic 3D platformer, this paper aims to examine in depth what transforms Super M...

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