FMD virus is an aphtovirus within the picornaviridae family. The most important characteristics in the epidemiology of the disease include the rapid growth of the virus, its stability under a variety of conditions and the occurrence of serotypes (Donaldson, 1991). There are seven serotypes and several subtypes within each. The infections caused by different serotypes are clinically indistinguis...

Fifteen serotypes of E. coli isolated from poultry were subjected to RAPD-PCR using eight oligonucleotide random primers. Amplification with each of the primers resulted in generation of different DNA fingerprinting profile with varied number of bands. Dendrogram based generation of clustering of E. coli serotypes showed two major clusters. The polymorphic amplicons served as markers for E. col...

OBJECTIVE To identify serotypes and susceptibility of S. pneumoniae strains from 48 children with invasive infections and 50 carriers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Typing was performed by the Quellung reaction and susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer and Etest according to CLSI standards. RESULTS Of 31 meningeal strains, serotypes 19F, 3, 6B, 14 and 23F were predominant. Resistance to penicillin and STX w...

Cronobacter species are Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in neonates. The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) that form part of the outer membrane of such bacteria are possibly related to the virulence of particular bacterial strains. However, currently there is no clear overview of O-antigen diversity within the various Cronobacter strains and links with virulence...

OBJECTIVE Several studies have focused on the relationship among serotype distribution, ethnical status and geographic populations, and periodontal conditions. Studies that have investigated the prevalence and the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the relation between the different serotypes of the bacterium and periodontal status were reviewed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sys...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by Orientiatsutsugamushi. Local epidemiology of the circulating serotypes of scrub typhus is not available from most parts of India. We conducted this study for the diagnosis of scrub typhus using IgM ELISA and to detect O. tsutsugamushi serotypes circulating in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS Samples wer...

Although there are over 90 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, antimicrobial resistance is predominantly found in a limited number of serotypes/serogroups, namely 6, 9, 14, 19 and 23. There is no compelling mechanism to account for this restriction. We aimed to determine whether serotypes commonly associated with drug resistance have higher transformation frequencies than those that are susc...

Host and bacterial factors that determine whether Salmonella serotypes remain restricted to the gastrointestinal tract or penetrate beyond the mucosa and cause systemic disease remain largely undefined. Here, factors influencing Salmonella host specificity in calves were assessed by characterizing the pathogenesis of different serotypes. Salmonella enterica serotype Dublin was highly virulent i...

The polysaccharide capsule (CPS) of Campylobacter jejuni is the major serodeterminant of the Penner serotyping scheme. There are 47 Penner serotypes of C. jejuni, 22 of which fall into complexes of related serotypes. A multiplex PCR method for determination of capsule types of Campylobacter jejuni which is simpler and more affordable than classical Penner typing was developed. Primers specific ...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines induce serotype specific protection, with cross-protection seen between serotypes within certain serogroups. Though most serious pneumococcal infections are caused by relatively small number of serotypes, choices need to be made on the serotypes to be included in the vaccine because of the complexity and cost related to developing and producing vaccines with incr...