Several studies have shown an increase in urinary calcium excretion in response to a calcium load. However, because of the inverse changes in PTH levels with a calcium load, the effect of changes in serum calcium per se on its own excretion is unclear in humans. In this study we used a PTH clamp protocol to further characterize calcium-regulated renal calcium and magnesium handling and the rela...

BACKGROUND The relationship between changes in serum sodium with clinical events in acute heart failure patients using different decongestive events has not been investigated. This study aimed to describe changes in serum sodium levels during decongestion therapy in patients receiving stepped pharmacological therapy versus ultrafiltration. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 188 patients who were ...

BACKGROUND We investigated the prevalence of electrolyte imbalance and the relationship between serum electrolyte and anterior pituitary hormone levels in patients with Sheehan's syndrome. METHODS In a retrospective study, we investigated 78 patients with Sheehan's syndrome. We also included 95 normal control subjects who underwent a combined anterior pituitary hormone stimulation test and sh...

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that long term treatment with anticonvulsants may be an important risk factor for the onset of atherosclerosis, or worsening of its symptoms. There are many contradictory reports regarding these effects. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published studies in order to see whether the atherogenic outcomes could be related...

BACKGROUD The dysnatremias (hyponatremia and hypernatremia) are relatively common findings on admission of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and may represent a major risk. The aim of the study was to assess the ability of serum sodium levels and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) to predict mortality of surgical critically ill patients. METHODS One hundred and...

A 70-year-old woman was admitted because of disturbance of her consciousness. Physical examinations and laboratory data suggested hypothyroidism. Primary hypothyroidism was subsequently confirmed with endocrinological examinations. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were elevated despite severe hyponatremia. On admission, urinary sodium concentration was 10mEq/l. The patient was treated with sal...

In central osmoregulation, a 1-2% rise in plasma osmolality is detected by specialized osmoreceptors located in the circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus. A disturbance in this tightly regulated balance will result in either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which are both common electrolyte disorders in hospitalized patients. Despite the high clinical importance of hypo- and hypernatremia ...

thirty six male chall lambs (four-month old and 26  ±1.5 kg body weight) were randomly assigned into four treatments (nine lambs per treatment) to study the effect of powerfeed® (a commercial mixture made from wheat processing by-product and wheat bran) on weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum sodium and potassium concentration and urine ph. lambs in control group were fed with...

Hyponatremia and increased urine output after calvarial remodeling have been noted in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis. If not treated properly, patients develop hypoosmotic conditions that can lead to cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and collapsed circulation. Postoperative hyponatremia after central nervous system surgery is considered as the syndrome of inappropriate ...

To investigate the role of circulating humoral substances in the pathogenesis of increased vascular wall water and sodium concentration in experimental hypertension, rabbit aortic media explants were cultured in tissue culture medium supplemented (10-20%) with serum obtained from the same dogs (n = 7): 1) before the induction of hypertension; 2) after wrapping one kidney in silk (two-kidney per...