The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed kinase, which consists of two distinct protein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1, coupled to Raptor, and mTORC2, coupled to Rictor, respond to different signals and target different substrates; while mTORC1 is activated by a number of signals, including...

•Mitochondrial protein TARS2 interacts with lysosomal amino-acid-sensing machinery•Threonine modulates localization and activity of mTORC1 through TARS2•TARS2 binds inactive RagC elevates GTP loading RagA in response to threonine•TARS2 is required for threonine-dependent regulation the signaling pathway Mechanistic target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls cell growth proliferation by sensin...