Water is supplied to greater than 95% of Japan, and emphasis is changing to from quantity to quality. As water pollution increases with the advancing industrial age and changes in life-styles, a safer and higher quality supply of city water is desired. In the Special Measures Act and the Work Promotion Act enacted in 1994, the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Environment Agency stressed t...

Mercury pollution is a persistent and increasing problem in the environment. Along with some natural sources of the metal, major man-made sources of mercury pollution include incinerators, fossil fuel plants, and municipal sewage systems. The EPA estimated that in 1989, approximately 643,000 kg of mercury was discarded as municipal solid waste, with 84% of it landfilled.

This paper presents a practical application of sewage network management strategy using radar data to control a detention-settling basin. This practical application, used in operational mode since January 2000, is based on three main notions. Firstly, the use of radar data without rainfall estimation. Secondly, the definition of some gradual risk levels for the sewage network by a detailed mode...

SEPTICITY WITHIN A sewerage system occurs when microorganisms present in sewage and adhering to submerged surfaces have utilised all the dissolved oxygen and any nitrates that may be present in the sewage (derived from ground-water infiltration or present in the water supply). When anaerobic conditions have developed, bacteria in the sewage reduce the organic compounds of sulphur to sulphide an...

A method for the quantitative determination of humanuse fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in sewage sludge and sludge-treated soil samples was developed. The accelerated solvent extraction was optimized with regard to solvents and operational parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and extraction time. A 50 mM aqueous phosphoric acid/ acetonitrile mixtu...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among sewage workers from occupational exposure to raw sewage. METHODS An analytical cross sectional study of 241 company employees with possible occupational exposure to sewage in a large water and sewerage company was carried out. Previous exposure to hepatitis A virus infection was assessed, as were its associations with p...

The concentration of viruses from sewage by adsorption on and elution from an insoluble cross-linked copolymer of maleic anhydride is described. Viruses either added to sewage or naturally contained in sewage were preferentially adsorbed to this polyelectrolyte at a pH range of 5.0 to 6.0 and were eluted at pH 8.0 to 9.0. In a 2-month survey of viruses in sewage in the spring (April to May 1968...

Non-biting chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) may cause sensitization and allergic reactions in humans and have recently been identified as a potential health problem in Swedish municipal sewage treatment plants. To investigate, on a pilot scale, the allergenic potential of chironomids in sewage workers, all workers (n = 8) at a sewage treatment plant and local controls (n = 16) complete...

In addition to the positive effects on the physical, chemical and biological soil properties of the application of sewage sludge into the soil, there is often an increase of both organic and inorganic pollutants in the soil. One of the most popular organic xenobiotics frequently present in sewage sludge are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to determine possibilities fo...