Contamination of urban groundwater by sewage leakage from damaged sewers is an increasing matter of public and regulatory concern. It is estimated that in Germany several 100 million m waste water leaks every year from partly damaged sewerage systems into soil and groundwater. In many cities damaged sewerage systems are the main sources for groundwater contamination with sulphate, chloride and ...

Results: Anti-HAV prevalence in the Turkish population under the age of 30 in Northern Cyprus was 23.9%. For the age groups 1-5, 6-10 and 11-15 years, seroprevalence rates were relatively low (11.4, 9.4 and 12%, respectively). For age groups 16 years and over, HAV seroprevalence gradually increased with age, rising to 30.4% in 16 to 20 years and to 52.5% in 21 to 30 years of age. In addition to...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different waters; tap water (control), sewage effluent (100 % & 50 %), sewage effluent with Scenedesmus quadricauda and sewage effluent with Nostoc sp. on plant growth, leaf chlorophyll and Assessment of hygienic (fungi) of wheat and alfalfa plants. The obtained results showed that plant height, herb weight (fresh and dry), total chlorophy...

Dermatophyte and yeast species have been screened for their degradative ability towards various keratin substrates. Application of soluble preparation of keratin (KS) of chicken feathers enables a preliminary evaluation of the growth of the fungi and screening of fungal isolates that possesed keratinolytic activity and keratinase enzyme. Five dermatophytes i.e. Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton...

This article elucidates the emerging principles required for the design of task-oriented mesocosms. Twelve key factors are discussed including mineral diversity, nutrient reservoirs, steep gradients, high exchange rates, periodic and random pulses, cellular design and mesocosm structure, subecosystems, microbial communities, photosynthetic bases, animal diversity, biological exchanges beyond th...

This paper aims to determine the mechanism by which microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert the chemical energy into electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms in waste water/sewage treatment plants, to be predictable and controllable so as to economize the project. The wide range of soluble activated sludge in waste streams as a source of bacteria from low to very highestimated ...

organic fraction of solid waste, which upon degradation produces foul smell and generates pathogens, if not properly managed. composting is not a method of waste disposal but it is a method of waste recycling and used for agricultural purposes. an integrated approach of composting methodology was tested for municipal solid waste management. solid waste first was composted and after 22 days, was...

Biochar may improve soil hydrology by altering soil porosity, density, hydraulic conductivity, and water-holding capacity. These properties are associated with the grain size distributions of both soil and biochar, and therefore may change as biochar weathers. Here we report how freeze-thaw (F-T) cycling impacts the grain size of pine, mesquite, miscanthus, and sewage waste biochars under two d...