The emerging field of sewage chemical-information mining is taking advantage of a readily available yet underappreciated resource: the untreated waste flowing under our feet and the biosolids remaining after treatment. It turns out that sewage and sewage sludge hold a wealth of data on chemical consumption and exposure, and potentially even the health status of whole communities. EHP A Section ...

Urbanization is a major geomorphic process affecting both surface and groundwater systems. The development of cities inevitably increases paved surfaces roofs (termed impervious cover) storm drains. Installation network subsurface structures, including utility systems, another necessary aspect modern cities. alters topography natural vegetation, stream flows flooding characteristics, temperatur...

In 1987, a small sewage treatment facilities survey was conducted of all county and local health departments in Ohio. The objectives were to learn how local sewage treatment facilities programs are managed, the types of systems in use, the numbers of permits issued, and the number of systems that are failing. The survey results indicate that urban areas in Ohio have the largest health departmen...

The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on nitrogen and sulphur content in maize was assessed in a pot experiment conducted in 2003-2005. The experimental design comprised the following treatments in four replications on three soils: treatment without fertilizer – (0); mineral fertilization – (NPK); farmyard manure – (FYM); sewage sludge A – (SSA); a mixture of sewage sludge A with peat – (MS...

Adsorption of poliovirus from primary sewage effluent was similar to that from secondary sewage effluent in both batch soil studies and experiments with soil columns 240 cm long. Virus desorption by distilled water was also similar in a soil column that had been flooded with either primary or secondary effluent seeded with virus. These results indicated that absorption of poliovirus from primar...

We describe a simple, cost-efficient, double-selective method for isolation of wild-type poliovirus from sewage samples containing vaccine polioviruses and other enteroviruses, with a detection limit of 18 to 50 PFU per 1 to 2 liters of sewage. By this method we were able to process 1,700 sewage samples collected between 1991 and 1996, from which 10,472 plaques were isolated, 41 of them being i...

MED Sewage treatment plants in cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants & appropriate out falls and/or treatment plants for cities with more than 10,000 inhabitants BSEP Comprehensive national studies on the discharges of insufficiently treated sewage will be prepared by each Black Sea state by January 2000. They serve as a basis for taking decisions and implementing significant reductions of ...

In this paper, an overview on sewage sludge characteristics and recovery routes is presented. Starting from an analysis of typical sewage sludge characteristics as found in literature, the most promising disposal options are presented. A focus on incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) follows. Most of the authors agree on considering pyrolysis and gasification as the most viable treatments for sl...