Previous studies have demonstrated that phenobarbital (PB) significantly impairs the biliary excretion of acetaminophen glucuronide (AG) in rats. Studies also suggested that Mrp2 mediates AG biliary excretion, and Mrp3 is involved in AG basolateral export. It was hypothesized that inhibition of Mrp2-mediated AG transport by PB or PB metabolites, and PB induction of Mrp3, may contribute to the i...

Our single cell analytical experiments for future protein fingerprinting combines microfluidic on-chip protein electrophoresis with latest laser technology for single cell manipulation and (label-free) protein detection, and is presented by the following issues: 1) Single cells were trapped and navigated by optical tweezers (OT) in a PDMS microfluidic device, and lysed at a predefined position....

We have designed a microfluidic device in which we can manipulate, lyse, label, separate, and quantify the protein contents of a single cell using single-molecule fluorescence counting. Generic labeling of proteins is achieved through fluorescent-antibody binding. The use of cylindrical optics enables high-efficiency (approximately 60%) counting of molecules in micrometer-sized channels. We use...

A monoclonal antibody, K9BYU, was generated using Escherichia coli recombinant extracellular domain of canine neural-cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) as an antigen. Immunoreactivity of K9BYU to insect cell recombinant canine N-CAM was demonstrated by Western blotting using Sf9 insect cells transfected with the canine N-CAM gene. In Western blotting against canine brain tissue, K9BYU detected thre...

Intraneuronal aggregation of specific hyperphosphorylated tau isoforms in subsets of neurons may explain many neurodegenerative processes. Only some antibodies including AP422 and AT100 are specific to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau proteins in these processes. AT100-immunoreactivity was never observed in cell models with the exception of Sf9 cells. In the present study, we developed a way...

Improving vaccine immunogenicity by targeting antigens to dendritic cells has recently emerged as a new design strategy in vaccine development. In this study, the VP1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A was fused with the gene encoding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) membrane glycoprotein gp120 or C2-V3 domain of hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoprotein E2, both of wh...

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are orbiviruses that infect both livestock and wild ruminants. Antigenic cross-reactivity between BTV and EHDV often results in serologic misdiagnosis. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-ELISAs) show increased sensitivity and specificity for the identification of these viral diseases; however, the preparation o...

Several mammalian viruses have been shown to induce a cellular DNA damage response during replication, and in some cases, this response is required for optimal virus replication. However, nothing is known about whether a DNA damage response is stimulated by DNA viruses in invertebrates. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are two of the downstream effects of the DNA damage response, and both are st...

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is contagious and highly lethal. Commercial vaccines against RHD are produced from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits. Although several groups have reported that recombinant subunit vaccines against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are promising, application of the vaccines has been restricted due to high production costs or low yield. In the p...

one of the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeted treatment of most cancers is the use of immunotoxins which are fusion proteins consisted of a targeting and a toxic moieties. we previously showed that the recombinant a254-gmcsf fusion protein selectively kills acute myeloblastic leukemia cells which harbor a large number of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (gmcsf) recepto...