objective: the discovery and development of natural products with potent antioxidant properties has been one of the most interesting and promising approaches in the search for treatment of cns injuries. the most significant consequence of the oxidative stress is thought to be the dna modifications, which can become permanent via the formation of mutations and other types of genomic instability ...

We report on Krum, the rst provably Byzantine-tolerant aggregation rule for distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). Krum guarantees the convergence of SGD even in a distributed setting where (asymptotically) up to half of the workers can be malicious adversaries trying to attack the learning system.

Groundwater typology is a method which is intended to address the relative lack of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) data on a global basis. On the local scale, a typology was developed for Port Jefferson Harbor with the ultimate goal of scaling nitrates additions to the Long Island Sound. SGD measurements at one location in the south-east side of the Harbor were extrapolated around the sho...

OBJECTIVE Supraglottic airway devices (SGDs) are often used as an alternative to endotracheal tube (ETT) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). SGDs can be inserted 'blindly' and rapidly, without stopping compressions. These devices utilize pressurized balloons to direct air to the trachea and prevent esophagus insufflation. We hypothesize that the use of a SGD will compress the carotid ar...

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with small mini-batch is a key component in modern large-scale machine learning. However, its efficiency has not been easy to analyze as most theoretical results require adaptive rates and show convergence rates far slower than that for gradient descent, making computational comparisons difficult. In this paper we aim to clarify the issue of fast SGD convergenc...

Abstract A longstanding debate surrounds the related hypotheses that low-curvature minima generalize better, and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) discourages curvature. We offer a more complete nuanced view in support of both hypotheses. First, we show curvature harms test performance through two new mechanisms, shift-curvature bias-curvature, addition to known parameter-covariance mechanism. ...

Background To determine the effect of Shuganyin decoction (SGD) on the intestinal barrier function in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat model induced by water-avoidance stress. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into control, water-avoidance stress (WAS) group, WAS plus Shuganyin decoction (SGD) group and WAS plus dicetel (Dicetel) group. IBS was induced in rats by subjecting the...

The distinctly different, εNd(0) values of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans requires that the residence time of Nd in the ocean (i.e., τNd) be on the order of, or less than, the ocean mixing time of ∼500–1500 yr. However, estimates of τNd, based on river influxes, range from 4000 to 15,000 yr, thus exceeding the ocean mixing time. In order to reconcile the oceanic Nd budget and lower th...