Sunlight directly influences on the development of forest species by affecting attributes plant growth and physiology. Among these species, Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman is considered a rare as its distribution restricted only to state Paraíba. Therefore, studies are needed that seek evaluate adaptation, propagation under different environmental conditions. This study aimed morphophysiologic...

This paper proposes a hybrid switching technique for a domestic PV system with AC-module architecture. In this PV system, independent control of PV modules, which are directly connected to DC terminals of a single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter, makes module-level MPPT possible to extract maximum available solar energy, especially in partial shading conditions. As one of the main contributi...

We present a model based approach to the integration of multiple cues for tracking high degree of freedom articulated motions. We then apply it to the problem of hand tracking using a single camera sequence. Hand tracking is particularly challenging because of occlusions, shading variations, and the high dimensionality of the motion. The novelty of our approach is in the combination of multiple...

In this study we explore the impact of asymmetrical vs. uniform crown shading on the mortality and growth of upper and lower branches within tree crowns, for two conifer species: shade intolerant lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and shade tolerant white spruce (Picea glauca). We also explore xylem hydraulics, foliar nutrition, and carbohydrate status as drivers for growth and expansion of the lo...

This paper presents the relationship between daylighting performance and shading device design in the perimeter area of buildings. In the area of tropic and sub-tropic, designers always face with the contradiction between solar heat gain and daylighting using. Factors such as different type of shading device, material reflectance, fenestration design, opening ratio, and daylight distribution wi...

Solar shading designs are important for reduction of building energy consumption and improvement of indoor thermal environment. This paper carried out a number of building simulations for evaluation of the energy performance of different shading devices based on incremental costs. The results show that movable shading devices lower incremental costs by up to 50% compared with fixed ones for the...