Predation risk is a major ecological factor selecting for group living. It is largely ignored, however, as an evolutionary driver of social complexity and cooperative breeding, which is attributed mainly to a combination of habitat saturation and enhanced relatedness levels. Social cichlids neither suffer from habitat saturation, nor are their groups composed primarily of relatives. This demand...

Professor Joshua Schwartz’s theory can be a useful tool for integrating law & development (L&D) and comparative law, despite its limitations. He argues that exceptionalism tendency can be found in contract performance phase in US, which can be explained by the central role of the military procurement in the US public procurement law. He further suggests that developing countries should learn fl...

We studied behavioral indicators of poor welfare in shelter dogs. Our research question was: How is the welfare of shelter dogs affected by length of stay at a shelter, age, sex, and breed? Data were collected on 18 dogs from October 2016 to March 2017 at a small private shelter in Marietta, GA. Data were collected in 15-minute sessions when the dogs were in their indoor enclosures. No signific...

OBJECTIVE To describe changes in WBC counts, plasma cortisol concentration, and fecal parasite shedding of dogs housed in an animal shelter and determine the effects of daily petting sessions on these variables. DESIGN Hybrid prospective observational and experimental study. ANIMALS 92 healthy dogs newly arrived to an animal shelter and 15 healthy privately owned dogs (control group). PRO...

Millions of dogs enter animal welfare organizations every year and only a fraction of them are adopted. Despite the most recent American Pet Products Association (APPA) data that nearly half the US population owns a dog, only 20% acquired their dog from an animal welfare organization. Studies show that people consider adopting from an animal shelter more often than they actually do, which indic...

The aim of this study is to investigate the rationale behind Defense Order Number 28 in response Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on legal rights creditors. employed an analytical methodology, examining defense orders, local laws, international conventions, court decisions. main findings indicate that Jordanian case appears favor debtors, as it allowed for postponemen...

Terrain is central to understanding why some countries have contentious ethnic divisions, while others do not. We argue that access to variable rugged terrain facilitated the development and survival of more distinct ethnic groups, even in the face of government repression. We show that the persistence of greater ethnic diversity in highly variable rugged areas as well as these ethnic groups te...

Předkládaná stať pojednává o historii katolické tělocvičné organizace Orel a její branné výchovy, které se tento spolek začal věnovat na přelomu 20. 30. let století. První kroky poli výchovy učinil Čsl. tím, že pořádat speciální kurzy určené pro členy připravující k výkonu vojenské služby. Svou činnost ovšem neustále rozšiřoval brzy stal první českos...

In this article, I describe efforts to manage the capacity of homeless shelter programs in Philadelphia and assess the impact of those efforts on providers and consumers of homeless services. Most reforms have focused on reducing the capacity of the shelter system by reducing the average length of stay of persons in shelter and by providing housing relocation assistance. However, these reforms ...