In this article, in which Nevres Efenedi's perception of Iranians and Shiites his views as an early reformist, is studied through work named Tarihiçe-i Nevres, it attempted to examine whether he was also under the influence Ibn Khaldunist history society, like opposition intellectuals time. For purpose, Efendi's unique reformist ideas, are discussed with a descriptive comparative method light s...

To the Editor: Gibbons et al1 detail the “noble” and Herculean task of developing American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cardiovascular guidelines. Recommendations are based on either experimental results or opinion, with the latter being considered of uniformly lower evidentiary importance. The contribution of opinion to the guidelines is substantial in that opinion supports...

Identifying sentiments (the affective parts of opinions) is a challenging problem. We present a system that, given a topic, automatically finds the people who hold opinions about that topic and the sentiment of each opinion. The system contains a module for determining word sentiment and another for combining sentiments within a sentence. We experiment with various models of classifying and com...

Consider a group of individuals with unobservable perspectives (subjective prior beliefs) about a sequence of states. In each period, each individual receives private information about the current state and forms an opinion (a posterior belief). He also chooses a target individual whose opinion is then observed. This choice involves a fundamental trade-off between well-informed targets, whose s...

We describe a viewpoint on the Dcmpstcr/Shafcr "Theory of Evidence", and provide an interpretation which regards the combination formulas as statistics of the opinions of "experts". This is done by introducing spaces with binary operations that arc simpler to interpret or simpler to implement than the standard combination formula, and showing that these spaces can be mapped homomorphically onto...

Reputation is generally defined as the opinion of a group on an aspect of a thing. This paper presents a reputation model that follows a probabilistic modelling of opinions based on three main concepts: (1) the value of an opinion decays with time, (2) the reputation of the opinion source impacts the reliability of the opinion, and (3) the certainty of the opinion impacts its weight with respec...