When the shock front (SF) hits the central electrode axis of plasma focus device, a reflected shock wave moves radially outwards. The current sheath (CS) results from ionization of filled gas between two electrodes continues to compress inwards until it hits the out-going reflected shock front. In this paper the Lagrangian equations are solved for a parabolic shock trajectory yielding a first a...

We are conducting a study of the effects of porosity on shock wave propagation and attenuation in geologic materials. We present data on shock wave propagation in porous ice under conditions applicable to mutual collisions in the outer solar system. We observe rarefaction waves from small regions of increased porosity and calculate release wave velocities.

biological effects extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) is not precisely known. we have evaluated two urinary enzymes activity n-acetyl-b-d-glucosamine (nag) and alanine amino peptidase (aap) before and after unilateral eswl as markers for renal parenchymal damage. forty eight patients with kidney stones (mean age 39) who had presented for the first time or at least one year after their...

BACKGROUND The current "gold standard" for treatment of chronic fracture nonunion in the metaphyseal-diaphyseal region of the fifth metatarsal is intramedullary screw fixation. Complications with this procedure, however, are not uncommon. Shock wave therapy can be an effective treatment for fracture nonunions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of shock wave thera...

Shock wave treatment is believed to improve bone healing after fracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of shock wave treatment on bone mass and bone strength after fracture of the femur in a rabbit model. A standardized closed fracture of the right femur was created with a three-point bending method in 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were randomly divided into three...

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy for lower ureteral stones therapy, we sought to identify and summarize randomized controlled trials that were used to treat distal ureteral stone. Methods: Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases. Database search, quality assessment, and data extraction...

Non{strictly-hyperbolic and mixed-type conservation laws pose a challenge to computational methods. Speciically, the computation of transitional shock waves, which are dependent on the parabolic regularization of the conservation laws, is sensitive to the numerical viscosity. In this paper, we propose a front tracking algorithm that treats transitional shock waves correctly. The algorithm inclu...

PURPOSE Management of ureteral stones remains controversial. To determine whether optimizing the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy delivery rate would improve the treatment of solitary ureteral stones we compared the outcomes of 2 delivery rates in a prospective randomized trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July 2010 to October 2012, 254 consecutive patients were randomized to extracorpore...

Shock tubes have become widely used to study thermodynamic processes in high temperature gas flows [1], [2] and chemical kinetics [3], [4]. Flow parameters behind incident and reflected shock waves were analyzed by Gaydon and Hurle [1], Bazhenova et al. [2], Sturtevant and Slachmuylders [5], Goldsworthy [6], Johannesen et al. [7], and Hanson et al. [8]. It was found that the gas behind the refl...