ABSTRACT—The Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional Voltage-Source Inverter (VSI) and Current-Source Inverter (CSI).It can buck and boost its output voltage by utilizing the shoot-through state which is forbidden in traditional VSI. Different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques are available for the control of Z-Source Inverters. In the traditional PWM techni...

This article reviews the responses of plant roots to elevated rhizosphere cadmium (Cd) concentrations. Cadmium enters plants from the soil solution. It traverses the root through symplasmic or apoplasmic pathways before entering the xylem and being translocated to the shoot. Leaf Cd concentrations in excess of 5-10 μg g(-1) dry matter are toxic to most plants, and plants have evolved mechanisms...

BACKGROUND Higher plants are aerobic organisms which suffer from the oxygen deficiency imposed by partial or total submergence. However, some plant species have developed strategies to avoid or withstand severe oxygen shortage and, in some cases, the complete absence of oxygen (tissue anoxia) for considerable periods of time. SCOPE Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the few plant species that can ...

Conventional methods of pear breeding, largely based on intra- and inter-specific hybridization, are difficult because pear is highly heterozygous, polygenic and has a long juvenile period. Genetic improvements of pear cultivars are possible through induction of mutations and gene transfer by genetic engineering. A general prerequisite for these approaches is to establish an efficient plant reg...

This paper proposes a new topology of quasiZ-source inverter(qZSI) which is used as step-up isolated dc/dc converter for residential fuel cell (FC) power systems .The proposed topology used is cascaded quasi Z source inverter and implemented using induction motor. The cascaded qZSI is derived by the adding of one diode, one inductor and two capacitors to the traditional qZSI. The proposed two-s...

When crop plants are subjected to soil waterlogging, or an anaerobic condition, their root and shoot systems respond differently. A variety of morphological and anatomical alterations develop in the root system. Reduction of the root respiration rate has been reported in both flooding-tolerant and intolerant species. Besides alcoholic fermentation, several diverse fermentative bypasses take pla...