This article proposes a scheme for balancing the voltage of series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which is also very effective under short-circuit conditions. An optimized clamp-mode snubber proposed, including an active-driver to balance currents IGBTs during short-circuit, in turn allows considerable reduction capacitance. The approach proven be conditions by maximum 55...

Energy technique procedure for computing the leakage reactance in transformers is presented. This method is very efficient compared with the use of flux element and image technique and is also remarkably accurate. Examples of calculated leakage inductances and the short circuit impedance are given for illustration. For validation, the results are compared with the results obtained using practic...