An important feature of the international nancial system is that it overwhelmingly uses a major currency, such as the US dollar, as a vehicle in the exchange between other currencies. In this paper we construct an equilibrium model to study this feature. The model economy has a nite number of countries, and each country's goods are sold only for the country's own currency. Households obtain for...

Despite the fast growing popularity of in-game purchases of virtual currency (to obtain game enhancing virtual items) in digital games, there is very limited formal research that studies this new business model and its impacts on players’ gameplay behavior and social welfare. This paper builds upon the classic labor-leisure model to capture players’ dual experience of enjoying leisure and earni...

One simple method of recognizing paper currencies has been introduced. It considers different dimensions, areas, Euler numbers, correlations between images as features. It uses Weighted Euclidean Distance for classification. The method uses the case of Saudi Arabian paper currency as a model currency under consideration. It uses fifth series of currency, issued by Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency ...

Developing economic relations with the countries of the world is necessary for any country, and the nations of the world are always looking to build their business. The expansion of the phenomenon of economic globalization has led states to engage in countries' engagement in pursuing their interests in the form of regional cooperation and the formation of monetary :union:s. Therefore, according...