Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of becoming overweight and/or obese later in life. This protective effect has been partly attributed to leptin present in breastmilk. This study investigated 24-h variations of skim milk leptin and its relationship with breastmilk macronutrients and infant breastfeeding patterns. Exclusive breastfeeding mothers of term singletons (n = 19; age 10 ± 5 weeks) ...

In Victoria the usual diluent for deep frozen bull semen consists of a mixture of egg yolk, sodium citrate and glycerol. The semen is equilibrated in this mixture for 17 hours prior to freezing. O’Dell and Almquist (1957), and Amman and Almquist (1957) found that survival of spermatozoa as assessed by motility was increased when the semen was diluted with a mixture of glycerol, fructose and ski...

Three batches of yogurts were made with soy protein isolate (SPI) supplemented with 2% (S2), 4% (S4) or 6% (S6) of skim milk powder (SMP). The fourth batch (control; S0) was prepared from SPI without SMP supplementation. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 (Lb 11842) and Streptococcus thermophilus ST 1342 (ST 1342) were used as the starter culture. Biotransformation of the inac...

The purification of a lipase from skim milk is described. The enzyme had the characteristics of a lipoprotein lipase, i.e. its activity against emulsified long chain triglyceride was stimulated more than ZO-fold by addition of suitable amounts of serum to the assay system and the activity was almost completely inhibited by 1 M NaCl. After an initial fractionation of the skim milk, the main puri...

The luminescence spectra of milk containing rhodamine 6G are shown to exhibit typical signatures of random lasing when excited with 532 nm laser pulses. Experiments carried out on whole and skim forms of two commercial brands of UHT milk, with fat volume concentrations ranging from 0 to 4%, presented lasing threshold values dependent on the fat concentration, suggesting that a random laser tech...

Stainless steel coupons were treated with skim milk and subsequently challenged with individual bacterial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fragi, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Serratia marcescens. The numbers of attached bacteria were determined by direct epifluorescence microscopy and compared with the attachment levels on clean stainless steel with two differe...

Berries such as blueberry, blackberry and raspberry possess several biological activities including antimicrobial and nutritional effects. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) juice against foodborne pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were investigated. Inhibition of growth of these foodborne pa...

An improved extraction and HPLC method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of retinol, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and β-carotene was developed to analyze commercial whole/semi-skim/skim samples of raw/pasteurized/UHT milk in transparent plastic/glass bottles and Tetra Brik containers. The sample preparation method required prior saponification at 40oC for 15 min followed by n-hexa...

By the end of this year, after 9 years of operation, UNICEF will have shipped, or allocated for shipment, a total of about 700,000,000 lb. of dried skim milk. In addition, it will have allocated the equivalent of over E3,5oo,ooo for milk-conservation projects. The purpose of this paper is to present some points of interest from a nutritional point of view on how and why this was done, together ...