AgrD is the precursor for the autoinducing peptide in a quorum-sensing system regulating virulence phenotypes of the preeminent pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Mass spectrometry-based methods, including molecular networking, identified formylated and nonformylated peptide variants derived from the AgrD N-terminal leader domain in S. aureus cell-free culture supernatants. Functional assessment o...

A new geldanamycin analogue was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus A070101. The structure was elucidated as 11-methoxy-17-formyl-17-demethoxy-18-O-21-O-dihydrogeldanamycin (1) on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESI-MS spectroscopic data analysis. Compound 1 showed considerable cytotoxicity (SRB) against human cancer cell lines (breast cancer MCF-7, skin melanoma SK-MEL-2...

Spherical, multicellular aggregates of tumor cells, or three-dimensional (3D) models, can be grown from established cell lines dissociated cells tissues in a serum-free medium containing appropriate growth factors. Air–liquid interfaces (ALIs) represent 3D approach that mimics and supports the differentiation respiratory tract skin models vitro. Many are cultured conjunction with supporting typ...

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that requires timely and inexpensive treatment. For this purpose, nanoemulsion with polyene macrolide antibiotic, or amphotericin B (NE-AmB), was developed. This study quantified the amount of drug permeated retained in intact lacerated human skin, simulating cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) processes. Toxicity macrophage keratinocyte cell lines, activi...

Subamolide B is a butanolide isolated from Cinnamomum subavenium, a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments including carcinomatous swelling. We herein reported for the first time that subamolide B potently induced cytotoxicity against diverse human skin cancer cell lines while sparing nonmalignant cells. Mechanistic studies on human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ...

Size-controlled spherical silver nanoparticles (<10 nm) and chitin-nanofiber sheet composites (Ag NPs/CNFS) have previously been reported to have strong antimicrobial activity in vitro. Although Ag NPs/CNFS have strong antimicrobial activity, their cytotoxicity has not been investigated. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Ag NPs/CNFS on cytotoxicity for fibroblasts in vitro and...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an active ingredient in sunscreen owing to its properties of broadly filtering the ultraviolet (UV) light spectrum and it is used to protect against the carcinogenic and photodamaging effects of solar radiation on the skin. This study investigated the dissociation of zinc (Zn(2+) ) from ZnO in commercial sunscreens under ultraviolet type B light (UVB) irradiation and assesse...