A deterministic mathematical model for ecosystem development on slag dumps has been formulated and based on five components of the ecosystem—soil total nitrogen, plant biomass, plant cover, soil moisture, litter, and soil fine particles. Nitrogen and soil moisture, which regulate vegetation development on the slag dumps, have been used as the driving parameters of the model. The numerical resul...

High-order accurate methods for convection-dominated problems have the potential to reduce the computational effort required for a given order of solution accuracy. The state of the art in this field is more advanced for Eulerian methods than for semi-Lagrangian (SLAG) methods. In this paper, we introduce a new SLAG method that is based on combining the modified method of characteristics with a...

The paper is focused on the sorption of phosphorus from aqueous solutions by crystalline and amorphous blast furnace slags. Slag sorption kinetics were measured, adsorption tests were carried out and the effect of acidification on the sorption properties of slags was studied. The kinetic measurements confirmed that the sorption of phosphorus on crystalline as well as amorphous slags can be desc...

A large amount of blast furnace slag is generated in China. Most ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) however ends up in low-grade applications. Blast furnace slag, ground to an appropriate fineness, can be used as a partial replacement of cementitious material in concrete. The potential for using GGBS in structural concrete, e.g. concrete beams and columns is investigated at Xi’an Jiaot...

Mineralogical phases of steelmaking slags have significant influences on the carbonation of the slags. In this paper, the effects of temperature and reaction time on the conversion of calcium-related phases and the carbonation degree of a slag sample were studied. The experimental conditions were a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, a carbon dioxide flow rate of 1 L/min and a slag particle size ...

–Flyash based geopolymer concrete is introduced in 1979 by Davidovits to reduce the use of OPC in concrete. Geopolymer is an inorganic alumino-hydroxide polymer synthesized form predominantly silicon and aluminum materials of geological origin and by product materials such as flyash (with low calcium). In this paper an attempt is made to study strength properties of geopolymer concrete using lo...

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), can reduce the alkali load in concrete, despite its relatively high alkali content. Most research has been devoted to the efficacy of slag with an alkali content of less than 1.0% and this is reflected in guidance documents. A comparative assessment was made of the effect, if any, of the alkali level of ggbs on potential alkali-silica reactivity. Exp...

Recent developments in phosphorus (P) removal have focused on P reactive materials to use within constructed wetlands (CW), as a sustainable alternative to chemical dosing. In this study, different fractions of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag and apatite media have been tested in full-scale CWs, being the first trial of its kind in the United Kingdom evaluating the P removal capacity of b...

Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) mixes are manufactured by activating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The aim of the present experimental research was to investigate the effect of increasing the dosages of sodium oxide (Na2O, in the range of 4 to 8%) and the activator modulus (Ms) (i.e. the SiO2/Na2O ratio, in the range of ...

Current blast furnace technology is a two-stage ironmaking process that requires that iron ore concentrate first be formed into pellets, fired at 1260°C, cooled, transported to the blast furnace, and then re-heated to approximately 1500°C to produce pig iron. This heating, cooling, and then reheating wastes a great deal of energy, which would be saved if the ironmaking process had only a single...