Background At present of the limitation of the current case finding strategies and the global urgency to improve tuberculosis (TB) case finding, a renewed interest in active case finding (ACF) has risen. World Health Organization (WHO) calls for research on TB screening among low-income countries because of the limitation of the passive case finding strategies. We aimed to evaluated Active Case...

The existence of slums or informal settlements is common to most cities of developing countries. Its role as single housing delivery mechanism has seriously challenged the popular notion held by policy makers, planners and architects. Today informality is a paradigm of city making and economic growth in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This paper discusses the role of computer simulation models ...

Whilst this target will hopefully be achieved, we should not overlook the fact that an estimated 837 million people are presently living in slums and that this is expected to double within 25 years. This suggests that the total number of people living in slums by 2020 will be about 1500 million, so a reduction of 100 million is modest by any definition. It also suggests that an equal or even gr...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy and treatment gap in two Urban slums in Enugu South East Nigeria. METHODS A 3 phase cross-sectional descriptive study was done to survey individuals ≥ 15 years in 2 slums in Enugu, South East Nigeria. RESULTS The prevalence of epilepsy was 6.0 (95% CI: 5.9-6.0) per 1000 (men 4.4/1000, 95% CI: 2.3-6.4, women 7.8/1000, 95% CI: ...

BACKGROUND Nutritional status differs between infants and young children living in slum and non-slum conditions-infants and young children living in City Corporation slums are likely to have worse nutritional status compared to those from non-slums. Furthermore, families in slums tend to engage female labor in cash-earning activities as a survival strategy; hence, a higher percentage of mothers...

I 2008, the proportion of the world’s population living in urban areas crossed the 50% mark. The current rates of urbanization suggest that in China, 870 million people — more than half the population — will be living in cities within less than a decade, and the capital of Botswana, Gaborone, will grow from 186,000 to 500,000 inhabitants by 2020.1 Most observers believe that essentially all pop...

Urbanization has been unprecedented in post-colonial Africa. While cities and towns (urban areas) are crucial to bolstering economic activities, they equally perceived as the scene for social problems. This turn exacerbates urban human insecurity. The paper draws on qualitative research method exploring challenges opportunities that undermine or facilitate achieving sustainable inclusive Partic...

BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) has gained prominence as an epidemic disease in Pakistan in the recent years. However, little data exists to show its likely endemic nature. METHODOLOGY We retrospectively analyzed blood for dengue IgM on samples obtained during a community-based surveillance for febrile illnesses in two slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan, between June 1999 and December 2001. In this...

This study examines how the relationship between urbanization (measured as the percentage of total population living in urban areas) and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (measured as a ratio of carbon dioxide emissions and life expectancy) in most nations from 1960-2013 varies based on the economic context and whereabouts of a substantial portion of a nation's urban population. To acco...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The prevalence of anaemia has been well studied particularly on etiology of nutritional anaemia in children of age group 5-10.9 yr in India. The present study was carried out to find out the prevalence and etiology of nutritional anaemia among 5 to 10.9 yr old corporation school children from urban slums. METHODS Urban Delhi slums were divided into four areas and one c...