The supersolar abundances of volatiles observed in giant planets suggest that a compositional gradient was present at the time their formation protosolar nebula. To explain this gradient, several studies have investigated radial transport trace species and effect icelines on abundance profiles solids vapors formed disk. However, these models only consider presence forms pure condensates or amor...

Mountain-range topography is determined by the complex interplay between tectonics and climate. However, often it is not clear to what extent climate forces topographic evolution and how past climatic episodes are refl ected in present-day relief. The Andes are a tectonically active mountain belt encompassing various climatic zones with pronounced differences in rainfall, erosion, and glacier e...

Introduction: The affinity of oxygen for both gaseous and solid phases makes it and its isotopes important tracers of redox conditions and isotopic reservoirs in the solar nebula. The oxygen fugacity (fO 2) recorded by chondritic meteorites ranges over several orders of magnitudes, from very high values needed to explain such minerals as ferrous olivine in ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites t...

L ('800-year) and short-term ('20-year) estimates of the rate of deep water formation in the Southern Ocean are in serious disagreement. This disagreement suggests to me that the rate of deep water formation may have been larger during the Little Ice Age (LIA) than it is now. Based on studies of ice-rafted debris in northern Atlantic sediments, a strong case (1) has been made that a cycle avera...

In the Alpine environment, snow plays a key role in many processes involving ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and human wellbeing. Due to inaccessibility of mountain areas high spatial temporal heterogeneity snowpack, satellite spatio-temporal data without gaps offer unique opportunity monitor on fine scale. this study, we present random forest approach within three different workflows combin...

Context. Diverse studies have shown that it is important to consider the impact of metallicity on chemodynamical evolution protoplanetary disks. It has been suggested there may be different chemistry cycles in non-solar environments at work or efficiency mass transport protostars and pre-main-sequence stars dependent a certain extent. Aims. We study influence metallicities physical, thermal, ch...

Abstract In this era of spatially resolved observations planet-forming disks with Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and large ground-based telescopes such as the Very Telescope (VLT), Keck, Subaru, we still lack statistically relevant information on quantity composition material that is building planets, total disk gas mass, ice content dust, state water in planetesimals. SPace Infrared tel...

Aims. Luminosity bursts in young FU Orionis-type stars warm up the surrounding disks of gas and dust, thus inflicting changes on their morphological chemical composition. In this work, we aim at studying effects that such may have spatial distribution dust grain sizes corresponding spectral index protoplanetary disks. Methods. We use numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD, which simulates co-evolu...

Since the late nineteenth century, it has been debated whether rivers or glaciers are more effective agents of erosion1. The dramatic landscapes associated with glaciated terrain have often led to the argument that glaciers are more erosive than rivers, and recent studies have documented the topographic signature of an ice-controlled limit of mountain height known as the ‘glacial buzz-saw’2,3. ...

Combined glacial geologic and palynologic data from the southern Lake District, Seno Reloncavf, and Isla Grande de Chilo6 in middle latitudes (40°35'-42°25'S) of the Southern Hemisphere Andes suggest (1) that full-glacial or near-full-glacial climate conditions persisted from about 29,400 to 14,550 14C yr BP in late Llanquihue time, (2) that within this late Llanquihue interval mean summer temp...