Global climate change has made heat stress tolerance an important trait to be considered in breeding programs improve the resistance of productive animals unfavorable environmental conditions. The aim this study was know association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and through a genome-wide (GWAS). Where 95 Brown Swiss dairy cows have measured body temperatures, respiratory ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) became the most prevalent health problem. Almost half of world's people are ignorant that have diabetes. Menopause occurs as an important alteration in women through which take place change sex hormones, distribution fat،s body, and metabolism, altogether participate metabolism disease such type mellitus. Several studies appeared association between TCF7L2 gene d...

Short straw is a desired trait in oat germplasm (Avena sativa L.). Marker-assisted selection, a key tool for achieving this objective, is limited by the presence and number of available markers. Here, we have attempted to develop markers sufficiently linked to a gene specifying short straw so that marker-assisted selection could be applied. Bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify anonymo...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways have been proposed to participate in the pathological process of cancer by affecting inflammation, proliferation, metastasis and cell survival. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs2235356, -1628A→G) in the promoter region of the p38β gene has been proposed as a genetic modifier for colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese popul...

p38 plays a critical role in the proliferation, survival, migration and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The present study assessed the correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the p38β promoter region (rs2235356, -1628A>G) and the predisposition of individuals to sporadic CRC in a case-control study. A genotyping method was developed to detect this SNP, using p...

The Anopheles gambiae genome sequence, together with the recent development of molecular tools for genome-wide analysis, promises new insights into the biology of the malaria vector. These insights should help define the best possible breakdown point for interrupting transmission in the mosquito vector. A survey of the intraspecific nucleotide diversity in coding regions of three different mosq...

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are an important approach to understanding the genetic mechanisms behind human diseases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the predominant markers used in genome wide association studies, and the ability to predict which SNPs are likely to be functional is important for both a priori and a posteriori analyses of GWA studies. This article describes...

During last years there has been a breakthrough in genetics and biotechnology. Present technology allows large scale association studies between genotypes and diseases. The most powerful methodology of association studies is the analyse of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The estimated number of SNPs in the human genome is 10 million. Therefore, SNP markers provide practical fine-grain m...

We present a simple two-stage procedure to define haplotype blocks and construct a statistic to test whether a polymorphism belongs to a block. Applying this method to the data of Gabriel et al. [2002] yielded longer haplotype blocks than were originally reported with a similar average percentage of common haplotypes in blocks. Furthermore, across regions of the genome and among the four popula...