Observing eye contact between others enhances the tendency to subsequently follow their gaze and has been suggested to function as a social signal that adds meaning to an upcoming action or event. The present study investigated effects of observed eye contact in high-functioning autism (HFA). Two faces on a screen either looked at or away from each other before providing congruent or incongruen...

Previously the investigation of employee harassment within the workplace would typically have involved obtaining evidence regarding physical contact, verbal contact (face to face or via telephone) or written contact (via letters or notes or email) between a suspect and a victim. Social media has added a new avenue to the investigation of employee harassment that goes beyond the physical workpla...

"Contact" calls are widespread in social mammals and birds, but the proximate factors that motivate call production and mediate their contact function remain poorly specified. Field study of chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both from the group at large and from their dependent infants. A variety of social and e...

In social animals, group living may impact the risk of infectious disease acquisition in two ways. On the one hand, social connectedness puts individuals at greater risk or susceptibility for acquiring enteric pathogens via contact-mediated transmission. Yet conversely, in strongly bonded societies like humans and some nonhuman primates, having close connections and strong social ties of suppor...

Inadequate communication repeatedly challenges disaster response, with subsequent adverse effects on coordination. However, emergent cooperative behaviors, including collaborative groups, social links, and social networks, have long been recognized as normative disaster developments. These behaviors are facilitated by existing precrisis social relationships. For example, in 1965, Hurricane Bets...

Abstract A plethora of measures are being combined in the attempt to reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread. Due its sustainability, contact tracing is one most frequently applied interventions worldwide, albeit with mixed results. We evaluate performance digital for different infection detection rates and response time delays. also introduce analyze a novel strategy we call prevention, which emits high expo...

A tendency to avoid eye contact is an early indicator of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and difficulties with eye contact often persist throughout the lifespan. Eye contact difficulties may underlie social cognitive deficits in ASD, and can create significant social and occupational barriers. Thus, this topic has received substantial research and clinical attention. In this study, we used qual...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted by close contact with an infectious person. It is assumed that close contact occurs amongst household members and that contact outside the house is "causal" and does not play a major role in the transmission of TB. METHODS This study was conducted in an impoverished area with a high incidence of TB and a low HIV seropositive prevalence. Thirty three...