This article focuses on cases of restitution within contract, investigating the normative desirability of enabling a promisee to pursue the profits derived by the promisor through a breach of contract as an alternative pecuniary remedy of wide applicability. Situated at the frontier of both contractual and restitutionary liability, the question of whether restitutionary damages for breach of co...

桑原幹典,林 正信,吉 井義一:北 海道大学獣 医学 部放射 線学 教室,札 幌市北区北18条 西9丁 目,〒060 When the solid-state deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) was irradiated by gamma rays, Lucke Huhle et al.1) found that single strand breaks of DNA were produced more frequently in the DNP than in pure DNA. Ormerod2) and Kuwabara and Yoshii3) reported that the ESR spectra of DNP after irradiation showed radicals to be located preferentially on ...

BACKGROUND Use of genetic doping or gene transfer technology will be the newest and the lethal method of doping in future and have some unpleasant consequences for sports, athletes, and outcomes of competitions. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines genetic doping as "the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements, and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance "....

In response to the major changes taking place across the Arctic climatic, environmental, economic, social, industrial there is an increasing need for improved land cover/land use change information, especially remotely sensed data, by indigenous reindeer herders on the characterization of pasture quality and migratory routes, such as vegetation distribution, snow cover, infrastructure developme...

Gunshot wounds to the spine cause severe neurological and/or internal organs damages. Although most of publications in the literature are realized on military injuries, increased civilian arming which raises civilian gunshot injuries is a new social danger causing serious health problems. In gunshot injuries to the spine; vertebral column, spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged with direct, in...

Strikingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that in a model with heterogenous jurisdictions, interjurisdictional capital flows, and interjurisdictional environmental damage spillovers, decentralized planning outcomes are equivalent to that under a single centralized planner. Taken to its extreme this result renders international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol irrelevant. We first show the...

A substantial recent literature has documented the inability of jurors to make sound decisions with respect to punitive damages, particularly for health, safety, and environmental torts. Included in this literature are experimental studies documenting the better performance of judges than jurors for the same case scenarios. Recent research by Eisenberg et al. (2002) has suggested, however, that...

social and cultural harms of female students such as abnormal behavior, less useful leisure, identity confusion, drug use, sex crimes, political apathy or aggression, etc. can be observed among university students which are generally caused by external factors. studies in this field are few especially for female students. subjects are also non-functional and the results are unclear and they are...