Beginning with the moral statisticians Guerry and Quetelet and continuing to the present, criminologists have repeatedly shown that serious crime rates vary across geographic units. The most prominent framework for explaining this variation is the macrosocial perspective, which asserts that the crime rate is a reflection of social organization. In this paper, I review research from the past few...

Abstract In this study, we investigate the relationship between individual and neighbourhood deprivation decision to vote for Brexit in 2016 referendum. Our analysis uses data from UK Household Longitudinal Study English Index of Multiple Deprivation, employs multilevel models account individual-level deprivation, larger-scale regional deprivation. We also examine interaction these scales. On a...

produce a measure of relative differences in each country. The figure combines the data for neonatal and postneonatal mortality and shows that England and Wales have a steeper and more consistent gradient of mortality across social classes than Sweden. The width of the "steps" is proportional to each class's share of total live births. The differences in total mortality and its socioeconomic di...

The concept of social exclusion, applied widely in the European Union, has in recent years been gaining use in Bangladesh, mostly by international development agencies. Does this discourse of deprivation, developed in the welfare states of northern Europe, have salience in its application to deprivation in countries like Bangladesh where, for example, 31% of the rural population lives in chroni...

This study used a method similar to one introduced by Dawkins in 1990 to assess the magnitude of the psychological need for social companionship in pair-housed tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). This method permits classification of commodities as necessities or luxuries. The study directly compared the commodity of social companionship to the commodity of food, a known physiological neces...

Male cowbirds, juveniles and adults, were maintained in one of four condi­ tions: (a) visual and auditory deprivation from males, (b) visual but not audi­ tory deprivation, (c) social isolation, and (d) full contact with males. Their songs in the breeding season were tested with captive female cowbirds. The females responded with copulation postures most often to the songs of the males reared i...

It has been observed that following a brief period of isolation, children tend to show a greater increase in responsiveness on a simple motor task than nonisolated children do when verbal reinforcement is given periodically during a task. One explanation is that the social deprivation of the brief isolation heightens the motivation to receive social reinforcement. Another explanation is that th...

most women need fundamental support to function in their humane life. in terms of gender, in iran there are regional differentiations with regards to accessing benefits of development. the purpose of this paper is to describe the human development and development index in different regions and to study the relationship/ regression between levels of development and human poverty index on the bas...