The prosthetic rehabilitation of an atrophic mandible is usually unsatisfactory due to the lack of support tissues, mainly bone and keratinized mucosa for treatment with conventional prosthesis. The prosthetic instability leads to social and functional limitations and chronic physical trauma decreasing the patient’s quality of life. Severe resorption contributes to the instability and discomfor...

High social rank is expected to incur fitness costs under unstable social conditions. A disruption of the oxidative balance may underlie such effects, but how markers of oxidative stress vary in relation to social rank and stability is unknown. We examined in mandrills whether the mating season characterized by social instability between males (but not between females) affected their oxidative ...

Bipartite matching problems emerge in many human social phenomena. In this paper, we study the ground state of the Gale–Shapley model, which is the most popular bipartite matchingmodel.We apply theKuhn–Munkres algorithm to compute the numerical ground state of themodel. For the first time,we obtain the number of blocking pairswhich is ameasure of the system instability. We also show that the nu...

Societies are complex systems which tend to polarize into sub-groups of individuals with dramatically opposite perspectives. This phenomenon is reflected – and often amplified – in online social networks where, however, humans are no more the only players, and co-exist alongside with social bots, i.e. software-controlled accounts. Analyzing large-scale social data collected during the Catalan r...

Although systematic evidence on the extent of spatial inequality in developing countries is still relatively scarce, a growing body of work documents the existence of such inequalities in countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America (Kanbur and Venables 2005a, 2005b; Kanbur, Venables, and Wan 2006). Little consensus has emerged, however, on the causes of spatial inequality or the ways i...

Individuals often develop reluctance to change their social relations, called “secondary homebody”, even though their interactions with their environment evolve with time. Some memory effect is loosely present deforcing changes. In other words, in the presence of memory, relations do not change easily. In order to investigate some history or memory effect on social networks, we introduce a temp...

I discuss a stochastic model of language learning and change. During a syntactic change, each speaker makes use of constructions from two different idealized grammars at variable rates. The model incorporates regularization in that speakers have a slight preference for using the dominant idealized grammar. It also includes incrementation: The population is divided into two interacting generatio...

The increasing speed of globalisation has created both opportunities and challenges to many transitional economies. This paper analyses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and concludes that SOE reform is inevitable. The SOEs’ obligations to provide social welfare should be removed to enable them to compete on an equal footing ...

Objective: Analyze the factors that form the basis of the ruptures separating homeless people from their social support networks, as well as to understand everyday living. Method: Qualitative ethnographic study, data collection consisted of open interviews about life stories and participants were 15 homeless people. Results: Participants were born in households whose past generations had alread...