leadership and management competencies required of successful executives of nongovernmental social welfare organizations. This paper summarizes the discrete competencies, summarizes the unique components of leadership, distinguishes leadership from management; and, identifies the sources of power and authority executives may draw upon for these purposes. The paper goes on to identify the specif...

The ethics we find in companies contains the same elements as the ethics in the socio-economic context in which they operate. The aspirations and ethical levels of companies operating in certain countries differ substantially from those of companies operating in other areas, where the defence of the environment, social welfare, human rights, cooperation, assistance are expected and offered to a...

A multiagent system may be regarded as an artificial society of autonomous software agents. Welfare economics provides formal models of how the distribution of resources amongst the members of a society affects the well-being of that society as a whole. In multiagent systems research, the concept of social welfare is usually given a utilitarian interpretation, i.e. whatever increases the averag...

U.S. survey respondents’ views on distributive justice are shown to differ in two specific, related ways from what is conventionally assumed in modern optimal tax research. A large share of respondents, and in some cases a large majority, resist the full equalization of inequality due to brute luck that standard analyses would recommend. Related, a similar share prefer a classical benefit-based...

Long considered a laggard in guaranteeing an adequate level of social welfare, the United States has nevertheless been a leader in providing its citizens with open access to higher education. The median number of grades completed in this country has risen from 8.6 for those born in the first five years of the century to 12.8 for persons born at mid-century (Robert Mare, Focus, 3:2). And around ...

Implementing service delivery systems based on the bio-psycho-social model requires a collaborative approach. The model draws attention to the genetic, physiological, psychological, social and cultural elements that influence health. At its simplest, integration ensures a person receives care that addresses multiple needs in a coordinated and efficient way. Mental health and substance use probl...

This paper investigates a pollutant abatement investment under ambiguity in a twoperiod setting. We consider there are representative consumer and firm in an economy and formulate the social welfare maximization problem. Then we numerically derive the optimal level of abatement investment. Furthermore, we analyze the comparative static effects of the model’s parameters and find an increase in t...

Patient preferences have a social welfare interpretation consonant with a belief that the society affected by present decisions will last for a very long time. In stochastic settings, these preferences lead to justifications for variants of the precautionary principle.

1. Problem under Study: Partly because they constitute the smallest size in the age structure of Africa’s youthful populations, and partly because they most usually live with their extended families throughout the older years, elderly persons have long been a neglected area of demographic and sociological enquiry. With the anticipated rapid increases in the population of the elderly and the con...

Irrelevance of the government debt path has been shown in a variety of models with a representative agent and free access to credit markets. However, this result typically does not hold in the presence of individual borrowing constraints. In the present paper we focus on allocations that maximize social welfare and show that heterogeneity may restore the irrelevance result. The necessary condit...