Action potentials and whole cell sodium current were recorded in canine epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial myocytes in normal sodium at 37 degrees C. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduced the action potential duration of midmyocardial cells to a greater degree than either epicardial or endocardial cells. Whole cell recordings in potassium-free and very-low-chloride solutions revealed a slowly deca...

Diabetes is the most common cause of CKD (chronic kidney disease). also one important diabetic complication. SGLT2 (sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2) inhibitors are new class medication used to lower high blood level in people with type 2 diabetes. In researches demonstrated a significant and clinically relevant reduction risks albuminuria progression nephropathy, doubling serum creatinine level...

Introduction Citrate is the recommended anticoagulant for continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT) [1], and is thought to confer numerous benefits, including more continuous hours of filtration, fewer total circuits used, less overall cost and maybe improved patient and kidney survival when compared with heparin anticoagulation [2]. Our ICU changed from heparin to citrate anticoagulation in J...

Effective delivery of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) depends on the longevity of the filter and circuit used in the CRRT machine. Safe and effective anticoagulation is crucial for maintaining the patency of these circuits. In children, heparin and citrate are the commonly used anticoagulants but they are limited by serious side effects and thus calls for meticulous monitoring. In c...

A comparison between 2 dilute citrate solutions (15mmol/l vs 18 mmol/l) in continuous renal replacement therapy: the base excess and renal replacement solution (BEARRS) study

We apply fluid-replacement logging in arsenic-contaminated regions of Bangladesh using a low-cost, down-well fluid conductivity logging tool to detect leaks in the cased section of wells. The fluid-conductivity tool is designed for the developing world: it is lightweight and easily transportable, operable by one person, and can be built for minimal cost. The fluid-replacement test identifies le...

external costs of environmental degradation are often ignored in economic analysis of projects. the mail goal of the paper is to economically analyze the current alternatives of meighan wetland utilization including extraction of sodium sulfate, aquaculture of artemia and integrative alternative considering external costs of wetland degradation. in order to detect eventual degradation of wetlan...

Spores of Clostridium bifermentans germinated in the presence of L-alanine and sodium ions. The rate of germination was not altered by the addition of D-alanine but was increased by L-a-amino-n-butyrate, L-lactate, Lor D-arginine, L-histidine, DL-ornithine, L-lysine, pyruvate, Lor D-serine, L-phenylalanine or L-proline and decreased by D-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine, glycine or L-threonine. Comb...

Constriction of inferior vena cava above the diaphragm is used to produce experimental ascites in the dog. This type of experimental ascites drains the body protein reserves, reduces the level of circulating plasma proteins, and in effect is an internal plasmapheresis. As the ascitic fluid is withdrawn and the proteins measured, we observe a production of ascitic protein (80-90 gm. per week) co...

BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests a nephroprotective effect of urinary alkalinization in patients at risk of acute kidney injury. In this study, we tested whether prophylactic bicarbonate-based infusion reduces the incidence of acute kidney injury and tubular damage in patients undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a multicenter, double-blinded (patients, clinical and ...