the main objective of this study is to swing krull intersection theorem in primary decomposition of rings and modules to the primary decomposition of soft rings and soft modules. to fulfill this aim several notions like soft prime ideals, soft maximal ideals, soft primary ideals, and soft radical ideals are introduced for a soft ring over a given unitary commutative ring. consequently, the p...

Wireless Networks rendering varied services has not only become the order of the day but the demand of a large pool of customers as well. Thus, security of wireless networks has become a very essential design criterion. This paper describes our research work focused towards creating secure cognitive wireless local area networks using soft computing approaches. The present dense Wireless Local A...

BACKGROUND Operational research (OR) is the discipline of using models, either quantitative or qualitative, to aid decision-making in complex implementation problems. The methods of OR have been used in healthcare since the 1950s in diverse areas such as emergency medicine and the interface between acute and community care; hospital performance; scheduling and management of patient home visits;...

The rational design of improved electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEI) for energy storage is critically dependent on a molecular-level understanding of ionic interactions and nanoscale phenomena. The presence of non-redox active species at EEI has been shown to strongly influence Faradaic efficiency and long-term operational stability during energy storage processes. Herein, we achieve substant...

From its foundation, operational research (OR) has made many substantial contributions to practical forecasting in organizations. Equally, researchers in other disciplines have influenced forecasting practice. Since the last survey articles in JORS, forecasting has developed as a discipline with its own journals. While the effect of this increased specialization has been a narrowing of the scop...

There are many applications across a broad range of business problem domains in which equity is a concern and many well-known operational research (OR) problems such as knapsack, scheduling or assignment problems have been considered from an equity perspective. This shows that equity is both a technically interesting concept and a substantial practical concern. In this paper we review the opera...

The decision making (DM) problem is of great practical value in many areas of human activities. Most widely used DM methods are based on probabilistic approaches. The well-known Bayesian theorem for a conditional probability density function (PDF) is a background for such techniques. It is needed due to some uncertainty in many parameters entered in any model which describes the functioning of ...

Consumer finance has become one of the most important areas of banking both because of the amount of money being lent and the impact of such credit on the global economy and the realisation that the credit crunch of 2008 was partly due to incorrect modelling of the risks in such lending. This paper reviews the development of credit scoring,-the way of assessing risk in consumer finance-and what...

In public health, implementation research is done to improve access to interventions that have been shown to work but have not reached many of the people who could benefit from them. Researchers identify practical problems facing public health programmes and aim to find solutions that improve health outcomes. In operational research, routinely-collected programme data are used to uncover ways o...