Every human activity creates waste (Tciiobanoglous et al., 1993). India is the second most populous nation in the world; the uncontrolled growth of urban areas has led to deficiency in infrastructural services such as: water supply, sewage and municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The burgeoning population has resulted in a massive pressure on the health-care services, leading to huge amount...

In this paper the theory of mixtures is used to develop a two-phase model of an avascular tumour, which comprises a solid, cellular, phase and a liquid phase. Mass and momentum balances which are used to derive the governing equations are supplemented by constitutive laws that distinguish the two phases and enable the stresses within the tumour to be calculated. Novel features of the model incl...

1 Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6367, USA 2 Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 3 Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4 HRL Laboratories, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, CA 90265, USA 5 Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Uni...

Computer modelling can provide better information on building projects presented in two dimensional drawings but never built. A cemetery project in Denmark was formed as a solid model in its sloping landscape using Softimage. Boolean operations were used to position walls at a given height above the terrain. More accurate still and video images were made and compared with original sketches.

The paper presents an approach of the Bond Graph modelling applied to thermo-chemical processes. The proposed work focused on combustion process kinetics with respect to reactant and reactor input data. The model provides information on the time variation of the heat of reaction, reaction products concentration, and reactants concentration / accumulation, based on global mass and energy balance...

Solid modelling using constructive solid geometry (CSG) includes many examples of stylised divide-and-conquer algorithms. We identify the sources of these recurrent patterns and implement a Geometric Evaluation Library (GEL) which captures them as higher order functions. This library then become the basis of developing CSG applications quickly and concisely. GEL is currently implemented as a se...

A modelling strategy for a microthruster array based on solid fuel is presented. We review the theory of operation of the microthruster that includes an electrothermal process, ignition, sustained combustion, membrane rupture and gas dynamics. The recommended level of theory is chosen to answer practical engineering questions, so as to make the recommended models feasible to develop and optimiz...

This paper investigates the use of low-discrepancy sequences for computing volume integrals in geometric modelling. An introduction to low-discrepancy point sequences is presented which explains how they can be used to replace random points in Monte Carlo methods. The relative advantages of using low-discrepancy methods compared to random point sequences are discussed theoretically, and then pr...

Bioreductive drugs are in clinical practice to exploit the resistance from tumour microenvironments especially in the hypoxic region of tumour. We presented a tumour treatment model to capture the pharmacology of one of the most prominent bioreductive drugs, Tirapazamine (TPZ) which is in clinical trials I and II. We calculated solid tumour mass in our previous work and then integrated that mod...

The absolute sputtering yields of D+, He+ and Li+ on deuterium saturated solid lithium have been measured and modelled at 45◦ incidence in the energy range 100–1000 eV. The Ion–surface InterAction Experiment (IIAX) was used to measure the absolute sputtering yield of lithium in the solid phase from bombardment with a Colutron ion source. The lithium sample was treated with a deuterium plasma fr...