introduction spatial studies as the main tools for the detailed study of all tangible and intangible aspects of regions have special ranks among all kinds of planning. the conformity of this organization with physical environment forms the spatial structure of which is usually observed as a distributed and isotropic spatial structure, focus and polar, unbalanced and haphazard, random and balanc...

We introduce a Reactive Data Structure, that is a spatial data structure with detail levels. The two properties, spatial organization and detail levels, are the basis for a Geographic Information System with a multi-scale database. A reactive data structure is a novel type of data structure cartering to S It is presented here as a modification of the binary space partioning tree that includes d...

introductionin the modern era of communication, by increasing population the resources would be relativelyscarce. therefore, in order to deal with environmental serious problems and complex humanclimaterelationship in all dimensions of spatiotemporal and land use planning and programmingpractices, the climatic zone map was a sustainable developmental tool in the study area.methodologythe climat...

In multimedia databases spatial or high-dimensional data manipulation is important for storage and retrieval. In this study, we introduce a new file structure called Spatial Grid File. This file enables us to index data objects by different and independent high-dimensional attributes. And, with it, well-known spatial query types, such as range queries, nearest neighbor queries and spatial join ...

Polycentric metropolitan regions are a high-level urbanization form characterized with dynamic layout, fuzzy boundary and various human activity performances. Owing to the complexity of polycentricity, it can be difficult understand their spatial structure characteristics merely based on conventional survey data method. This poses challenge for authorities wishing make effective urban land use ...

Clustering is a fundamental task in Spatial Data Mining where data consists of observations for a site (e.g. areal units) descriptive of one or more (spatial) primary units, possibly of different type, collected within the same site boundary. The goal is to group structured objects, i.e. data collected at different sites, such that data inside each cluster models the continuity of socio-economi...

Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for purposes, backed by confidence clear unambiguous governance. combine technical infrastructure with governance framework a legal trust. The concept Trust applied specifically spatial offers significant opportunities new future applications, addressing some longstanding ba...