The immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on ceramic beads as carrier is described. The effects of ferrous ion concentration and dilution on the kinetics of ferrous ion oxidation in a packed-bed bioreactor were studied. In a medium containing 13.91 g of ferrous ion per litre, the fastest oxidation rate was 4.21 g L–1 at a dilution rate of 0.8 h–1. The corresponding conversion w...

Unconditionally secure authentication codes with arbitration (A 2-codes) protect against deceptions from the transmitter and the receiver as well as that from the opponent. In this paper, we present combinatorial lower bounds on the cheating probabilities and the sizes of keys of A 2-codes. Especially, our bounds for A 2-codes without secrecy are all tight for small size of source states.

Consider a gambling game in which we are allowed to repeatedly bet a portion of our bankroll at favorable odds. We investigate the question of how to minimize the expected number of rounds needed to increase our bankroll to a given target amount. Specifically, we disprove a 50-year old conjecture of L. Breiman [1], that there exists a threshold strategy that optimizes the expected number of rou...

introduction: the objective of this study was, wastewater quality investigation and removal efficiency of contaminants from the wastewater tile factory by using  coagulants includes ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and ferrous, aluminum sulfate and poly aluminum chloride in order to reuse it in the processing line. methods: this is an applied study. with regard to shiftwork schedules of the fact...

Pharmaceutical industry often generates highly toxic wastewater and sludge depending upon the used manufacturing process and season. The high BOD to COD ratio of this particular wastewater makes biological treatment difficult. Hence chemical treatment proves to be a useful option. Fenton’s reagent is used in the treatment of pharmaceutical industry wastewater in this study. The ferrous and hydr...

le clezio 's fictional world takes us back to the beauties of nature and makes us contemplate the mysteries of the universe. by creating exaggerated and sometimes surreal sceneries, le clezio seeks to escape from inconveniences of the materialistic world to explore man's identity. obscure conditions, wearriness with the achievements of modern world, le clezio's personages, are en...

The performance of microbial electrochemical cells depends upon microbial community structure and metabolic activity of the electrode biofilms. Iron as a signal affects biofilm development and enrichment of exoelectrogenic bacteria. In this study, the effect of ferrous iron on microbial communities of the electrode biofilms in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. Voltage production sho...

Geotechnical Engineering is a branch of Civil Engineering which deals with man made materials (concrete, steel, etc) on top of or as inclusions into soils or rocks which are naturally made. The process of interaction between man made materials and the soils and rocks is through methods of construction which is time consuming. A construction process could take a week to several years, through wh...

An evaluation was made into the usefulness of ferrous fumarate as an iron fortificant for an experimental chocolate drink powder targetted to children and adolescents. Organoleptically ferrous furmarate was acceptable when the chocolate drink powder was reconstituted in milk or water that was heated to less than 80 degrees. Unacceptable colour changes occurred, however, when boiling milk or wat...

BACKGROUND Oral ferrous iron therapy may reinforce intestinal inflammation. One possible mechanism is by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species. We studied the effects of low-dose oral ferrous fumarate on intestinal inflammation and plasma redox status in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: no intervent...