sod culture is one of the important methods in establishing and repairing of turf grass, especially in sport fields. nowadays, a mixture of sand and peat are commonly used in sod production in iran. because peat media is expensive, it seems necessary to find an alternative medium. rice hull, tea waste and leaf compost as economical organic material that are available in huge loads in north of i...

In this study we used feathers to biomonitor exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1268 congener mixture in clapper rails (Rallus longirostris). This species has been used as an indicator species of environmental damage for the LCP superfund site located in Brunswick, GA, USA which is contaminated with Aroclor 1268, a congener mixture that has been used in limited amounts elsew...

Diversity effects on many aspects of ecosystem function have been well documented. However, fire is an exception: fire experiments have mainly included single species, bulk litter, or vegetation, and, as such, the role of diversity as a determinant of flammability, a crucial aspect of ecosystem function, is poorly understood. This study is the first to experimentally test whether flammability c...

The nutritive value of two cereal aphid species, Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum padi, for Hippodamia convergens development was compared as pureand mixed-species diets and as suboptimum and ad libitum quantities. Comparisons were based on the following daily aphid quantities and combinations: 4 mg R. padi, 4 mg S. graminum, 3:1 mg mixture of R. padi and S. graminum, 2:2 mg mixture of R. ...

A method for the automatic classification of free-ranging delphinid vocalizations is presented. The vocalizations of short-beaked and long-beaked common (Delphinus delphis and Delphinus capensis), Pacific white-sided (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins were recorded in a pelagic environment of the Southern California Bight and the Gulf of California over a...