We study the reduced energy spectrum $\{E_{i}^{(n)}\}$, which is constructed by picking one level from every $n$ levels of original $\{E_{i}\}$, in a Gaussian ensemble random matrix with Dyson index $\beta\in \left( 0,\infty \right) $. It's shown $\{E_{i}^{(n)}\}$ bears same form probability distribution as $\{E_{i}\}$ rescaled parameter $\gamma =\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\beta +n-1$. Notably, $n$-th ord...

extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria has become a considerable global concern because of their potential dissemination in humans, in domestic animals, wildlife and the environment. the present study aimed to explore the esbl producing  enterobacteria in aquatic sources of bangladesh as the water may be the potential source of dissemination of this alarming antimicrobial...

The nature of $J^{\pi}=1^-$ levels $^{96}$Zr below the $\beta$-decay $Q_{\beta}$ value $^{96}$Y has been investigated in high-resolution $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy following $\beta$ decay as well a campaign inelastic photon scattering experiments. Branching ratios extracted from allow absolute $E1$ excitation strength to be determined for populated both reactions. combined data represents compre...

Plasmid-encoded resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam is becoming a widespread phenomenon in clinical medicine. These antibiotics are inactivated by an array of different extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) which have evolved by point mutations of parental TEM or SHV beta-lactamases. In a previous study conducted during 1994-1995, SHV-2, SHV-2a and SHV-5 beta-lactamase...

fungi release wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (vocs) that belong to several chemical groups with different biochemical origins such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, esters, furans, ketones, sulfur and nitrogen compounds. trichoderma species are the most studied fungal biocontrol agents and are successfully used as biofungicides and biofertili...

In this paper, we introduce the notion of $G_\infty$-ring spectra. These are globally equivariant homotopy types with a structured multiplication, giving rise to power operations on their and cohomology groups. We illustrate structure by analysing when Moore spectrum can be endowed structure. Such $G_\infty$-structures correspond underlying ring, indexed Burnside ring. exhibit close relation be...

Clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mus showed resistance both to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and to aztreonam. We detected a typical double-disk synergy image when ceftazidime or aztreonam was placed next to a clavulanic acid disk on an agar plate. This resistance phenotype suggested the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Isoelectric focusing revealed that this strain pr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In addition to beta-lactamase production, loss of porins confers resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli infection. This study describes the detection of SHV-12 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) subtype and the loss of OmpK35 porin in 4 strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli. METHODS Isoelectric focusing was perform...

BACKGROUND Data on outpatient penicillin use in Europe were collected from 25 countries within the ESAC project, funded by DG SANCO of the European Commission, using the WHO ATC/DDD methodology. METHODS For the period 1997-2003, data on outpatient use of systemic penicillins aggregated at the level of the active substance were collected and expressed in DDD (WHO, version 2004) per 1000 inhabi...