The spindle orientation is a crucial piece of information to understand the development of embryo. The spindle forms during cell division and the cell divides along the spindle axis. Spindle orientation was measured in many different mutant embryos of Caenrohabditis elegans. However, the objectivity and the productivity of these measurements were low because these measurements were made manuall...

We report four cases of tubular adenoma of the gallbladder with spindle cell metaplasia. Three patients had solitary polyps in the gallbladder and the fourth had multiple (three) polyps. Only one patient who had a polyp of larger size had abdominal pain. Histologically, these tubular adenomas had characteristic morular foci composed of short spindle cells. These spindle cell components lacked i...

We analyzed the role that chromosomes, kinetochores, and centrosomes play in spindle assembly in living grasshopper spermatocytes by reconstructing spindles lacking certain components. We used video-enhanced, polarization microscopy to distinguish the effect of each component on spindle microtubule dynamics and we discovered that both chromosomes and centrosomes make potent and very different c...

The interaction between centrosomes and mitotic spindle poles is important for efficient spindle formation, orientation, and cell polarity. However, our understanding of the dynamics of this relationship and implications for tissue homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we report that Drosophila melanogaster calmodulin (CaM) regulates the ability of the microcephaly-associated protein, abn...