The issue of entrepreneurship in sports joins the more general trend catching up with long Renaissance period “reflecting” on character professional sportsman (athlete), so peculiarly overlooked, and one main protagonists culture antiquity, alongside artist or philosopher. author article adopts convention ‘corporate athlete’, for which he sees a contemporary exemplification football, most popul...

The aims of this study were to determine the type, frequency and amount of dietary supplement consumption among a group of professional basketball players. The type, amount and specific timing of supplement use were recorded by 55 professional basketball players from seven different teams of the First Spanish Basketball League. Most participants (58%) consumed dietary supplements. Multivitamins...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT There is no documented information indicating time for return to play after lumbar discectomy in professional and Olympic athletes. PURPOSE To determine the rate of return to sport and the average time of recovery in elite athletes undergoing microscopic lumbar discectomy (MLD). STUDY DESIGN Between 1984 and 1998, the senior author performed 60 MLDs on 59 professional and...

The increasing availability of food supplements, aggressive media advertising, and common beliefs that these substances have only positive effects on health and sport performance indicate a need for continuous monitoring of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the habits and beliefs related to diet supplementation among medical, health professional, and other university/hig...

This study expands upon the study of racial stereotyping through looking at the realm of professional sports. An athlete’s race, the sport an athlete plays, and the crime the athlete commits were all investigated to determine whether racial stereotyping plays a role in verdict and sentencing decisions. Participants were exposed to one of eight vignettes in a 2 (Race: White or Black) X 2 (Sport ...

Most attempts to manage stress involve at least one other person, yet coping studies in sport tend to report an athlete's individual coping strategies. There is a limited understanding of coping involving other people, particularly within sport, despite athletes potentially spending a lot of time with other people, such as their coach. Guided by the systemic-transactional model of stress and co...

ost healthy adults in Muslim communities practice fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. This kind of fasting involves daily abstinence from food and water, from sunrise to sunset, a period that lasts approximately 12 to 17 hours, depending on the season and geographical latitude. Ramadan is a lunar month, which lasts 28 to 30 days and its length changes along the solar year. Ramadan fasting...

background: each group or profession has its own discourse. discourses create identity, support institutions and reproduce power relationships. professional identity of iranian nurses, which has recently had the opportunity to represent itself in social arena, needs investigation. this study aimed to make internal aspect of this identity clear. materials and methods: this study was conducted by...