introduction in many countries, poultry industry is an important economic activity. consequences of the use of antibiotics, as a growth-promoting additive, were the appearance of bacterial resistance, thus limiting the use of antibiotics led to find safer alternatives by researchers and probiotics have been introduced as a suitable alternative. according to the definition of the fullers: probio...

Effects of Fe and Trichoderma harzianum Bi strain on plant growth and development of Spathiphyllum were investigated. Experiments were carried out in an glasshouse and in pots filled with soil, perlite and coco peat (1:1:1) were used as the growing medium. Plant roots (seedlings with three leaves) were inoculated with Trichoderma (0 and 8% w/w) as media mixture. Fe spray (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 g/L), ...

BACKGROUND Potential exposure of ground troops in Vietnam to Agent Orange and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) remains controversial despite the passage of 30 years since the Vietnam War. Because of uncertainty over the serum dioxin levels in ground troops at the end of their service in Vietnam, attempts have been made to develop a methodology for characterizing exposure of ground tro...

Charged particulate spray systems are common in many industrial and manufacturing processes. Using externally applied electromagnetic fields – the dynamics of these particulate sprays can be altered to achieve improved functionality and access to spray-sites that are hard to reach. With such an alteration the spray-particulate dynamics can become non-intuitive – thereby motivating a physically ...

BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious disease causing considerable economic losses to poultry farmers worldwide. Conventional vaccine delivery methods are not suitable for smallholder and rural poultry producers, and thus appropriate vaccination methods need to be sought. This study was carried out with the main objective of evaluating the efficacy of ND I2 vaccine delivered ...

The use of bioassay cages in the efficacy assessment of pesticides, application techniques, and technologies is common practice using numerous cage designs, which vary in both shape and size as well as type of mesh. The objective of this work was to examine various cage shapes and mesh types for their filtration effects on air speed, spray droplet size, and spray volume. Reductions in wind spee...

Action threshold-based insecticide spray regimens were evaluated for control of tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) in freshmarket tomatoes in eastern Virginia in 1998 and 1999. The initial foliar-applied insecticide spray was made based on the presence of X1 H. zea egg on either X2%, X10% or X20% of plants sampled, while subsequent sprays were made on either a weekly basis or only if X...