In developing countries pulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed by detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum using a Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining method. However, in the field the traditional method of staining is difficult to carry out. This study evaluates the efficiency of two cold staining methods, namely Gabbet’s and a modified two reagent cold staining method compared with the Z-N t...

This study developed a clinical score based on clinical and radiographic data for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT). SNPT was defined as a positive culture in Ogawa in a patient with two negative sputum smears. Data from patients admitted to the emergency ward with respiratory symptoms and negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears was analyzed by means of logistic regr...

Tuberculosis is currently the world's leading cause of adult death from a single infectious disease. Sputum examination remains the cornerstone of diagnosis in epidemic situations. To improve the diagnostic process we are developing an automated method for the detection of tubercle bacilli in clinical specimens, principally sputum smears. A preliminary investigation is presented here, which mak...

The application of the fixation and staining technique developed by one of us (Papanicolaou)’.2 in the study of sputum for cancer cells was first used by us June 22, 1945. The material was procured from a patient whose symptoms were those of a man who was discharged from the United States Navy in April 1945 as a psychoneurotic. His routine chest plate was reported as negative. He had a chronic,...

A 53-year-old immigrant male patient presented with left scrotal swelling with a draining ulcer on the left hemiscrotum. Patient had intentional weight loss, fever and night sweats, cough, headaches, confusion and difficulty with ambulation. Imaging studies revealed innumerable pulmonary nodules, leptomeningeal enhancement of the brain and bilateral epididymo-orchitis. Acid fast bacilli (AFB) s...