Pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be monitored using hyperspectral imaging and square wave voltammetry, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy offering new avenues for low-cost sensing approaches to biofilm characterisation.

A microfluidic device designed for electrochemical studies on a microliter scale has been utilized for the examination of impurity levels in ionic liquids (ILs). Halide impurities are common following IL synthesis, and this study demonstrates the ability to quantify low concentrations of halide in a range of ILs to levels of approximately 5 ppm, even in ILs not currently measurable using other ...