OBJECTIVE To review the history of 'mood-stabilizing' treatments. METHOD We have reviewed primary source data on the origin of the use of current mood-stabilizers. RESULTS This historical record on the origins of the mood-stabilizers points to a more ambiguous picture as regards pharmacotherapeutic specificity to bipolar disorders than is commonly conceded. CONCLUSIONS This review suggest...

Let G be a group, let T be an (oriented) G-tree with finite edge stabilizers, and let V T denote the vertex set of T . We show that, for each G-retract V ′ of the G-set V T , there exists a G-tree whose edge stabilizers are finite and whose vertex set is V ′. This fact leads to various new consequences of the almost stability theorem. We also give an example of a group G, a G-tree T and a G-ret...

To the Editor: I am writing with concerns about the interpretation and application of the important findings of the recent study reported by Altshuler et al. In my work at a university-affiliated teaching hospital and in other settings over the past 5 years, I have seen near-universal (well in excess of 80%) prescribing of antidepressants to patients with bipolar disorder. In many cases, these ...

Lyophilization stabilizes the biological materials by using two overlapping drying procedure i.e. primary drying by sublimation of the ice crystal from frozen material and secondary drying or desorption by evaporation of the free water adsorbed into the dried product. Three different stabilizers i.e. lactalbumin hydrolysate-sucrose, Weybridge medium and lactalbumin hydrolysate-manitol were used...

in this paper, optimum location of power system stabilizers in order to damp inter-area oscillations has been investigated by using modal series method. nonlinear effects grow in dynamical behaviors of heavily loaded stressed power systems significantly. hence linear based methods and techniques no longer present clear and exact response of the systems. in this article by defining new nonlinear...

EFFECTS OF STABILIZERS AND pH ADJUSTMENTS ON MILK PROTEINS IN UHT-TREATED CITRUS JUICE/SKIM MILK BLEND DRINK