Today the vast majority of telecommunication and Internet messages are sent along fiber optic cables buried underground. Binary data (encoded as a sequence of pulses of light) may travel thousands of kilometers to reach its final destination. The fibers that are used for this data transfer necessarily contain manufacturing impurities that lead to fast and slow polarization states for the propag...

1892 All Rights Reserved © 2016 IJARCET AbstractThe power system industry is a field where there are constant changes occurs. Economic and environmental pressures force electric companies to enhance the power transfer capability of the existing transmission lines instead of constructing new ones. Besides allowing a better utilization of existing power systems capacity, FACTS controllers can con...

The constant on-time current-mode controlled (COT-CMC) switching dc-dc converter is stable, with no subharmonic oscillation in its current loop when a voltage ripple in its outer voltage loop is ignored. However, when its output capacitance is small or its feedback gain is high, subharmonic oscillation may occur in a COT-CMC buck converter with a proportional-integral (PI) compensator. To inves...

In electron and proton radiotherapy, applications of patient-specific electron bolus or proton compensators during radiation treatments are often necessary to accommodate patient body surface irregularities, tissue inhomogeneity, and variations in PTV depths to achieve desired dose distributions. Emerging 3D printing technologies provide alternative fabrication methods for these bolus and compe...

We present a setup for time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry in pump–probe scheme using femtosecond laser pulses. As probe, the system deploys supercontinuum white light pulses that are delayed with respect to single-wavelength pump A polarizer–sample–compensator–analyzer configuration allows ellipsometric measurements by scanning compensator azimuthal angle. The transient parameters obtaine...

The modern scuba diver has become a slave of the buoyancy compensator. Throughout scuba diving history the diver has had to cope with variations in buoyancy due to suit compression and air usage. During the past five years scores of buoyancy compensation units have appeared on the market. Frequently manufacturers and instructors indicate that the buoyancy compensator is extremely useful for aid...

Artificial dielectrics can be made to exhibit strong birefringence. This property may be used to construct waveplates for a variety of applications. In this article, a method for making a variable artificial dielectric retarder, akin to a Babinet–Soleil compensator, is investigated. Whilst the feature sizes are too small for this device to be practical at optical wavelengths, the technique lend...

BackgroundOne of the most significant Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy treatment benefits is a high target to normal tissue dose ratio. To improve this advantage, an additional accessory such as a compensator is used to delivering doses. Compensator-based IMRT treatment is usually operated with an energy higher than 10 MV. Photoneutrons, which have high linear energy transfer and radiobiol...